22. Leadership Definition and Traits, Class

                                                1st Texas Young Marine Regiment 
                                                      Junior Leadership School 
                                                Day 2, July 9th, 2006, 0900-1000
 
                     Leadership Definition and Traits for Young Marines

Terminal Learning Objective:

(1) Be able to define Leadership.
(2) Be able to effectively utilize the 14 character traits in you everyday life.

Enabling Learning Objectives:

(1) Without the use of your guidebook, be able to define what leadership is.
(2) Without the use of your guidebook, be able to explain what the 14 character traits mean.

OUTLINE:

General Knowledge

Leadership

1. Leadership is defined as: "The ability to guide, direct, or influence people." 

         a. Some of our greatest leaders came from the most basic educations in the poorest parts
              of the world. 

         b. It does not take a wealthy person or a highly educated person to lead.

2. This is defined as the ability to take a group of YM’s from different backgrounds and be able 
     to accomplish the mission at hand in a timely, efficient and organized manner.

3. To be an effective leader you must be able to BOTH give orders effectively and receive them 
     effectively. 

         a. One who can see the result and guide his people to that end. 

         b. A person who directs by need and not by favoritism.

4. You must also show respect to the YM’s you are in charge of when giving orders. 

         a. It takes a person with a genuine concern for those he or she leads. 

         b. One who can influence others by convincing them that the course of action is true and
              just.

Leadership Traits

1. Leadership Traits. When you lead, give yourself objectives to measure your standards 
     against. 

         a. The following 14 Leadership traits have been a standard not only in the Marine Corps, 
              but also in the Young Marines for years. 

         b. Try to memorize the following acronym for these traits: JJ DID TIE BUCKLE 
                  1) Judgement - Consider the consequences before you act. 
                  2) Justice - Applying fair, consistent rewards, praise, or reprimand. 
                           a) Never play favorites. 
                           b) Never judge a person based on their race, sex, age, or anything else. 
                           c) Their actions should be the sole device you use to judge someone. 
                  3) Decisiveness - Say what you mean and mean what you say. 
                           a) Study the choices you have. 
                           b) Then select the one that will get the job done without causing problems for
                                 yourself or your subordinates. 
                  4) Integrity - Always telling the truth no matter the outcome or the consequences. 
                           a) Doing the right thing even when no one is looking. 
                  5) Dependability - Regardless of obstacles, you can get the job done. 
                           a) Always be on time. 
                           b) Never make excuses and continue to push until the job is done. 
                           c) Dependability also means making personal sacrifices for the betterment of 
                                your troop. 
                           d) Your fellow Young Marines, adults, family, and peers will hold you in the 
                                highest esteem if they know that you can be depended upon for help and 
                                guidance. 
                  6) Tact - Doing and saying the right thing. 
                           a) Having genuine concern for all. 
                           b) Tact is the ability to convey your thoughts and ideas so as to elicit 
                                agreement and full participation. 
                  7) Initiative - Taking action for things that need to be done. 
                           a) If you know it needs to be done...do it. 
                           b) Thinking ahead, planning, and knowledge shows good initiative. 
                  8) Endurance - Performing your duty for long periods of time and still completing 
                       the mission. 
                           a) Don't give up because you're a little tired or a little hungry. 
                           b) Your Young Marines depend on you to lead them through. 
                           c) Only after your subordinates have been taken care of should you rest. 
                           d) Staying mentally, emotionally, physically, and spiritually fit will increase your 
                                endurance. 
                  9) Bearing - How you carry yourself everyday in every situation. 
                           a) Controlling you emotions, not using harsh words, maintaining calm in 
                                dangerous situations are all signs of good bearing. 
                           b) Bearing is also a sign of your appearance. 
                           c) The way you wear your uniform or any clothing is bearing. 
                10) Unselfishness - Ensuring that the needs of those under your care are met before
                       your own needs. 
                           a) Making sure your troops are fed, clothed, sheltered, and safe before you is
                                the highest form of unselfishness. 
                           b) You don't always have to be the one that gets to go, or have, or say, or do. 
                           c) Let others share the spotlight with you. 
                11) Courage - Courage comes in two forms; physical and moral. 
                           a) Courage is holding onto fear a minute longer. 
                           b) Physical courage is acting calmly in stressful or dangerous situations. 
                           c) Taking control over your emotions and make them work for you. 
                           d) "When the going gets tough, the tough get going." 
                           e) Moral courage is knowing what's right and standing up for it regardless of 
                                what others might think. 
                           f) Moral courage is also accepting responsibility for your actions. 
                12) Knowledge - Know your job and your equipment. 
                           a) Encompassed in that statement is knowing your troops and their limits. 
                           b) You must be knowledgeable in all that you do as a Young Marine. 
                           c) True leaders are true leaders. 
                           d) Your subordinates will certainly know if you are and will act accordingly. 
                           e) If they see that you are not knowledgeable on the subject, they will not 
                                trust your leadership. 
                13) Loyalty - Being true to your troops, unit, family, friends, and most importantly 
                         yourself is what loyalty is. 
                           a) Always back the decisions of those in charge of you. 
                           b) Never bad mouth anyone or anything. 
                           c) Maintain confidence in your subordinates by not repeating things they have 
                               told you that they wanted to keep between the two of you. 
                           d) The only instance where you would do this is if the information would cause
                                harm to them or yourself. 
                           e) Loyalty like respect, is a two way street. 
                           f) To get it...you have to give it. 
                14) Enthusiasm - Having the zest and the drive to accomplish goals is enthusiasm. 
                           a) How you approach situations such as teaching, camping, doing homework, 
                                or household chores shows your level of enthusiasm. 
                           b) If you stand up in front of your Young Marines and give a real positive class 
                                full of energy and passion, they will learn better. 
                           c) If you lack enthusiasm in giving this class, it appears you do not care and
                                they will not care either. 
                           d) Approach everything you do in life with great vigor and enthusiasm.

2. Experience. Experience is a valuable asset for good leader. 

         a. Endeavor to gain a wide variety of experiences. 

         b. Every Lesson you learn in leadership will enable you to become more confident.
 
         c. Experience will not always give you the right answer. 

         d. But experience will help you to understand that people are more important than tasks.

3. Behavior. Be yourself. 

         a. You cannot be a good leader by trying to be someone else. 

         b. Each person, because of their different background, will develop a style of their own.

4. Trust. Trust is earned. 

         a. Quite often it is the team that decides to trust their leader - trust is earned when you 
              best demonstrate the qualities they are looking for. 

         b. It is very difficult for other people to take a leadership position it they have not first 
              earned the team's trust. 

         c. "The leader...accepts the burdens of others and, by doing so, earns their gratitude and 
              the right to lead them."

5. Performance. Leaders must demonstrate the will to accept the same risks and 
     inconveniences that they ask of their team. They show this by: 

         a. Sharing in the workload. 

         b. Eating the same food. 

         c. Carrying the same load. 

         d. Completing the same tasks. 

         e. Sleeping in similar shelters, etc.

6. Shared Approach. Leaders can further this sharing approach through simple acts like eating 
    only after ensuring all team members have something to eat, checking team members are 
    safe and secure before going to sleep and being the last person standing in the rain when 
    there is not enough room under the tarp.

Conclusion

During this class we talked about the definition of leadership and the leadership traits. You will
be evaluated on how you apply what you have learned in this class to your daily actions.

23. Leadership Principles, Class

                                                1st Texas Young Marine Regiment 
                                                      Junior Leadership School 
                                                Day 2, July 9th, 2006, 1000-1100 

                             Leadership Principles for Young Marines

Terminal Learning Objective:

(1) Be able to effectively use the 11 principles of leadership in you everyday life.

Enabling Learning Objectives:

(1) Without the use of your guidebook, be able to explain what the 11 leadership principles 
      mean.
(2) Without the use of your guidebook, be able to explain in writing how to apply the 6 steps 
      of leadership to a given scenario.

OUTLINE:

General Knowledge

Leadership.

1. This is defined as the ability to take a group of YM’s from different backgrounds and be able
     to accomplish the mission at hand in a timely, efficient and organized manner.

2. To be an effective leader you must be able to BOTH give orders effectively and receive them 
     effectively.

3. You must also show respect to the Young Marines you are in charge of when giving orders.

Leadership Principles

1. Now that you have looked at the Leadership Traits required to be a leader, let's see how 
    these fit into the Leadership Principles.

2. We are only listing 11 principles here, but you may find others that you may want to include. 

      1) Take Responsibility for your Actions and the Actions of your Young Marines. 
                  a) Take a look at the authority you have to handle this responsibility. 
                  b) Use this authority with judgment, tact, and initiative. 
                  c) Be dependable. 

         2) Know yourself and Seek Self Improvement. 
                  a) Evaluate yourself from time to time. Do you measure up? If you don't, admit it, 
                       then correct the problem. 
                  b) If you think you are the best NCO in your platoon, say so. Then set out to be the 
                       best NCO in the company. 
                  c) Learn how to speak effectively. 
                  d) Learn how to instruct. e) Learn how to be an expert with the equipment your 
                       unit uses. 

         3) Set the Example. 
                  a) As an NCO you are in an ideal spot to do this. 
                  b) Other Young Marines look to you for a pattern to follow. 
                  c) No amount of instruction or form of discipline will ever have the effect of your 
                       personal example. Make it a good one. 

         4) Develop your Subordinates. 
                  a) Tell your people what you want done, by when, then leave it at that. 
                  b) If you have junior leaders, leave the details to them. 
                  c) You are giving your junior leaders the opportunities to develop themselves. 
                  d) Supervise and check the results, but leave the details to your Young Marines. 

         5) Ensure that a job is Understood, then Supervise it and carry it through to 
              Completion. 
                  a) This goes back to being dependable and decisive. 
                  b) Decide what to do, who is to do it, when it is to be done, and tell your troops. 
                  c) Supervise the job until it is better than the person who wanted it ever thought it 
                      could be done. 

         6) Know your Young Marines and Look after their Welfare. 
                  a) A loyal NCO will never rest until the troops are bedded down. 
                  b) Always get the best you can from your troops. 
                  c) With judgment you will know which troops are capable of doing the best job in a 
                       particular assignment. 
                  d) Leaders share the problems of their troops, but, they don't pry when a person 
                       wants privacy. 

         7) Every Young Marine should be kept Informed. 
                  a) Make sure your people get the word. 
                  b) Be known as the "NCO with the straight scoop." 
                  c) Do not let your Young Marines be part of the so called "10 per cent." 
                  d) Squelch rumors. Rumors create disappointment. 

         8) Set goals you can Reach. 
                  a) Your Young Marines may be good, but don't ask the impossible. 
                  b) Know the limitations of your Young Marines and bite off only what you can chew. 
                  c) When they have a reasonable goal, and achieve it, they become a proud lot. 
                  d) Next time they will be able to tackle a little bit more. 

         9) Make Sound and Timely Decisions. 
                  a) Knowledge and judgment are required to produce a sound decision. 
                  b) Use your initiative and make your decisions in time to meet problems. 
                  c) If you find you have made a bad choice, have the courage to change it before any
                      damage is done. 
                  d) But nothing confuses an outfit more than the eternal routine of "Brown side/
                      Green side." 
       10) Know your Job. 
                  a) This requires you to work hard on your part. 
                  b) Stay abreast of changes. 
                  c) Read up on developments. 

       11) Teamwork. 
                  a) Train your troops as a unit. 
                  b) Keep unit integrity every chance you get. 
                  c) Put your Young Marines in the jobs they do best. 
                  d) But, rotate them so that they can learn other jobs and positions.

Six Steps of Leadership

1.Know that we have discussed the leadership principle and character traits we will discuss the
   six steps of leadership. The six steps of leadership can be defined using the acronym 
   BAMCIS. BAMCIS is defined as: 

         1) Begin the planning 
                  a) This means once you have been assigned a task, to take all things into account 
                       before assigning the task out any further. 
                  b) It is also important to ensure that you completely understand what the task is 
                      that needs to be accomplished. 
                  c) If you need to ask again or to get cleared directions do so know. 

         2) Arrange the reconnaissance 
                  a) What this means is to take into account the entire task at hand, to include how 
                       many YM’s may be needed or what supplies may be needed prior to issuing any 
                       orders. 

         3) Make the Plan 
                  a) This is where you will determine who is going to be assigned to do what and 
                       how, as well as assigning a deadline for the task to be done, if needed. 

         4) Complete the plan 
                  a) Once the plan has been formulated you do not want to start issuing any orders 
                       until you have a complete understanding of how the task will be accomplished. 
                  b) You will also need to know what the end result needs to be in order for the task 
                       to be considered complete. 

         5) Issue the order 
                  a) This is where the plan that you have made and completed gets put into action. 
                  b) You will issue orders to the YM’s that need to accomplish the task. 

         6) Supervise 
                  a) This is the MOST important part of the leadership steps. 
                  b) If a plan is not supervised and will may never get accomplished. 
                  c) If accomplished unsupervised it will more than likely take longer than needed and 
                       not be up to standards. This acronym can be applied to the simplest task such as
                       homework or the more complex task such as setting up a campsite.

Conclusion

During this class we talked about the leadership principles and character traits as well as the
six steps leadership. You may be evaluated on how you apply what you have learned in this
class to your daily actions.

24. Team and Squad leaders. Class

                                                1st Texas Young Marine Regiment 
                                                      Junior Leadership School 
                                               Day 4, July 11th, Time: 0850-0950 

                                 Duties of Team And Squad Leaders

Terminal Learning Objectives:

(1) Given a Team or Squad of Young Marines, demonstrate the knowledge of the duties and 
      responsibilities for both Team and Squad Leaders.

Enabling Learning Objectives:

(1) Without the use of your guidebook, demonstrate knowledge of the duties and 
      responsibilities in a classroom and practical environment of both a unit and squad leader.
(2) Without the use of your guidebook, use your knowledge of the duties and responsibilities 
      of a squad or team leader to evaluate the squad or team leader.

OUTLINE:

1. General definition of leadership: The ability to guide, direct or influence people. Leadership
     is the sum of those qualities of intellect, human understanding and moral behavior that 
     expire group of people to accomplish a common task. 

         a. When you lead, give yourself objectives to measure your standards against. The 
             fourteen leadership traits have been a standard battle and Marine Corps, but also in 
             the Young Marines for years. 

         b. Leadership is a process of focusing and motivate, of looking forward and reflecting, and
              making decisions. Because leadership is an art form rather than a science, there is no 
              true rules -- simply principles to guide a leader.

2. Six Steps Of Leadership: Now that we have read discussed the leadership principles and 
     character traits will discuss the six steps of leadership. Cap the six steps of leadership can 
     be defined using the acronym: BAMCIS: 

         a. Began The Planning: This means once you have been assigned a task, take all things 
              into account before assigning task out any further. It is also important to ensure that 
              you completely understand what the task is that needs to be accomplished. If you 
              need to ask again or to get clearer directions, Do So Now! 

         b. Arrange The Reconnaissance: What this means is to take into account the entire task
              at hand, to include how many Young Marines may be needed or what supplies may be
              needed prior to issuing any orders. 

         c. Make The Plan: This is where you will determine who is going to be assigned to do 
             what and how, as well as assigning a deadline for the task to be done, if needed. 

         d. Complete The Plan: Once the plan has been formulated, you do not want to start 
             issuing any orders until you have a complete understanding of how the task would be
             accomplished. 

         e. Issue The Order: This is where the plan that you have made and completed gets put
i            into action. You will issue orders to the Young Marines that need to accomplish the task. 

          f. Supervise: This is the most important part of the leadership steps. If a plan is not 
             supervised it make never get accomplished. If accomplished unsupervised, it will more 
             than likely take longer than needed and not be up to standards. 

         g. This acronym can be applied to the simplest task such as homework or to the more 
             complex task such as setting up a Campsite.

3. Team Leader Duties: As a Young Marine Team Leader, you are responsible to the Squad 
     Leader for the discipline, conduct, and welfare of your Team members. 

         a. Your responsibility is to the members of your Team. 

         b. You are responsible for their safety and training. 

         c. Additionally, you must ensure your Team is well informed: 
                  1) Ensures Team members are squared away for inspections and tests such 
                       as PFT's. 
                  2) Assists the Squad Leader with supervision and the carrying out of all orders and
                       assignments for their Team. 
                  3) Ensures their Team is taking care of before themselves. 
                           a) Team Leaders eat only after their team has gotten their chow. 
                           b) Team Leaders insure their Team members have appropriate shelter and 
                                sleeping comforts before themselves. 
                  4) Take responsibility for your Team's actions. 
                           a) Know where each Team member is at all times. 
                           b) Never let Team members wander about alone. 
                           c) Keep Team members informed at all times. 
                           d) Ensure each Team member is prepared for the day's training. 
                           e) Maintain a good order and discipline within the Team. 
                           f) Report all discrepancies to the Squad Leader.

4. Squad Leader Duties: As a Young Marine Squad Leader, you are responsible to the Platoon 
     Leader for the discipline, conduct, and welfare of your Squad members. 

         a. Your responsibility is to the members of your Squad.
 
         b. You are responsible for their safety and training. 

         c. Additionally, you must ensure your Squad is well informed: 
                  1) Ensures Squad members are squared away for inspections and tests such as 
                       PFT's. 
                  2) Assists the Platoon Leader with supervision and the carrying out of all orders 
                       and assignments for their Squad. 
                  3) Ensures their Squad is taking care of before themselves. 
                           a) Squad Leaders eat only after their Squad has gotten their chow. 
                           b) Squad Leaders insure their Squad members have appropriate shelter and 
                                sleeping comforts before themselves. 
                  4) Take responsibility for your Squad's actions. 
                           a) Know where each Squad member is at all times. 
                           b) Never let Squad members wander about alone. 
                           c) Keep Squad members informed at all times. 
                           d) Ensure each Squad member is prepared for the day's training. 
                           e) Maintain a good order and discipline within the Squad.
                            f) Report all discrepancies to the Platoon Leader.

5. Sergeant Sam's Twelfth Rules For NCOs: 

         a. Rule One: Take care of your Young Marines. 

         b. Rule Two: Treat others as you would like to be treated. 

         c. Rule Three: Be able to teach all subjects in the Young Marine Guide Book. 

         d. Rule Four: Before you demand perfection you must first seek protection. 

         e. Rule Five: The primary functions of a NCO are to lead, to teach, to guide. 

          f. Rule Six: Never become personally involved with your Young Marines. 

         g. Rule Seven: Always lead by example. Show of the way. 

         h. Rule Eight: Never asked a Young Marine to do something that you would not do. 

          i. Rule Nine: Never forget that you are in charge at all times. 

         j. Rule Ten: Never assume an order is obeyed. Always check that it was done. 

         k. Rule Eleven: Always remember you are responsible for everything that goes on. 

         l. Rule Twelve: Take care of your Young Marines.

Conclusion

During this class we again briefly talked about the leadership principles and character traits
plus the six steps to leadership and the duties and responsibilities of both a unit and squad
leader. You may be evaluated on this class both by a written exam and performance during
this school period. It is up to you to use the information taught in this class to make not only
yourself better but your unit as a whole better

25. Techniques of Military Instruction, Class

                                                1st Texas Young Marine Regiment
                                                       Junior Leadership School 
                                                Day 4, July 11th, 2006, 1530-1630 

                            Techniques of Instruction for Young Marines

Terminal learning Objective:

1. Be able to properly prepare a period of instruction for a group of Young Marines.

Enabling Learning Objectives:

1. Without the use of your guidebook, be able to name the most important part of the 
     instruction process.
2. Without use of your guidebook, be able to name some of the conditions that you as an 
     instructor should take into consideration prior to teaching a class.

OUTLINE:

General Knowledge

1. General. The purpose of teaching any class is to inform people on the subject you are 
     teaching. There are many methods of teaching. You can lecture, use training aids, show a 
     movie or just present a topic in an outline format and read it verbatim from the paper. Most 
     instructors try to use a combination of teaching methods as not to bore their class. A 
     student that is bored will not learn or retain any information that has been taught. A good 
     rule of thumb is that if the student failed to learn then the teacher failed to teach.

2. Teacher Concerns. As with anything you do there are some things that should be taken into
     consideration before teaching any class. Here are a few: 

         a. Time: Not only how much time you have but is it to long or to short of a time period. 
              Also time in between breaks. The average child student has a learning attention span
              of about 15 minutes before they will start to lose their concentration. 

         b. Age of Audience being taught: This is very important. If you have a young audience 
             you do not want to talk above their grade level. And just the opposite applies if you 
             have an older audience. Know the age range of the Young Marines you will be 
             teaching. 

         c. Course Knowledge: It is important that you do your research well in advance of the
             class so you are properly prepared during your period of instruction. If you prepare the 
             night before it will show, and although you will have taught a class, it will not be one 
             that has been effective. In other words, be prepared, totally. 

         d. Rehearse: It is important to rehearse your class prior to stepping in front of the Young
             Marine’s you are teaching. You must be prepared ahead of time and rehearsing will not 
             only ensure you use the time allotted but will build you confidence in your teaching in 
             your teaching skills and your knowledge of your subject. 

         e. Class Involvement: If possible, get the students involved. A Young Marine will learn a 
             task twice as fast if they have to perform it than if they are just taught it and never do
             it. As Nike’s slogan goes: “Just Do It”.

Class Outline Format

It is important that all class out-lines are in a consistent format. This allows an instructor to not
have to re-learn the format of each outline. The following will be the format used for all class
outlines:

Terminal Learning Objectives: This is what you want the student to be able to perform at the
end of this period of instruction.

1. Enabling Learning Objectives: These are the highlights of your class. You should have at 
     least two in a period of instruction you teach.

2. Attention Gainer: This can be a story or a short movie clip that some how relates to your 
     period of instruction.

3. Transitions: These help with the flow of the class by allowing the instructor to move from 
     one main subject to another without sounding choppy or misinformed.

4. Main Body: This is the main information of the class being taught. Each Enabling Learning 
     Objective should have it’s own separate paragraph within the main body of the class.

5. Conclusion: This is where you re-summarize what has been taught and ensure that the 
     class understands the subject that has been taught.

6. Remember: Tell them what you are going to teach them, teach them, and then tell them 
     what you taught them.

Enabling (Learning) Objective 3 (E.O. 3) Prepare a Lesson Plan

1. Purpose of the Lesson 

         a. The lesson plan is a method for organizing teaching material on paper.

         b. It is personal to the instructor and particular to the lesson being taught. 

         c. The lesson plan contains the information included in the applicable Young Marine Guide 
             and other appropriate resources along with the personal ideas and thoughts of the 
             instructor. 

         d. A lesson plan is essential to good teaching because it helps you in: 
                  1) Organizing your lesson, 
                  2) Give you a sense of confidence, 
                  3) Provides a ready reference if you forget your place while instructing, 
                  4) And it ensures that the information is presented in a logical sequence.

2. A Typical Lesson Plan will show: 

         a. Who the class is for: (ex. Basic Young Marines)
 
         b. The Performance Objective: (ex. P.O. 1) 

         c. The enabling Objective(s) covered: (ex. E.O. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) 

         d. Teaching Points (TP) 

         e. Time allotted for class 

         f. Method of instruction recommended for class 

         g. References, Training Aids required 

         h. Test details

3. Preparing a Lesson Plan

The lesson plan is an essential tool to ensure that instruction follows a specific, well-planned,
goal oriented design.

The lesson plan is divided into the following parts: 

         a. Introduction - build Young Marine's interest and motivation.
    
         b. Body - present each teaching point. 

         c. End of Lesson Test - confirm Young Marines mastery of the TP's. 

         d. Conclusion - summarize key points and link to future lessons. 
                  1) Introduction (may take 10% of lesson time) and includes: 
                           a) Who - introduce yourself. 
                           b) What - they will be taught in this lesson, specifically listing the goals for
                                the class (TP's) 
                           c) Where - they will apply this information. 
                           d) How - the Young Marines will be tested at the end of the lesson. 
                           e) Review - of the previous material as required. 
                  2) Body (may take 75% of lesson time). The body of a lesson plan presents the 
                       TP's divided into a series of stages: 
                           a) Briefly introduce each stage. 
                           b) Present each teaching point clearly. 
                           c) Young Marines participate in a skill stage should involve lots of practice of 
                               the skill, while a knowledge stage should involve a lot of questions and 
                               discussion in the content 
                           d) Confirm each stage. 
                  3) End of Lesson Test (may take 10% of lesson time) are based on the lesson 
                       objective. Guidelines for end-of-lesson test include: 
                           a) Written test - good for knowledge-based material. 
                           b) Observation of skill - plan required to manage and observe the skill. 
                           c) Combination of both - requires a plan to manage both. 
                  4) Conclusion (may take 5% of lesson time) allows for summarization of key points.
                       An effective conclusion includes: 
                           a) Summary - review TP's, re-emphasize main points. 
                           b) Closing statement - link class to future lesson. 
                           c) Re-motivating statement - re-state the importance of the lesson.

Enabling (Learning) Objective 4 (E.O. 4) Ask Questions.

1. Purpose for Asking Questions.
There are six purposes to asking questions: 

         a. Stimulate mental activity - challenge and alert cadets. 

         b. Evaluate learning - validates the learning. 

         c. Arouse and maintain interest - involves the Young Marine. 

         d. Teach problem solving skills - instructor presents problems through questions and 
             Young Marines must solve. 

         e. Guide and provoke thought - allows the instructor to guide thinking through 
              development of a lesson. 

         f. Control a lesson - open, close, or direct discussion, or highlight certain points.

2. The qualities of a good question are: 

         a. It is easily understood. 

         b. It is complete and clear. 

         c. It should use appropriate vocabulary. 

         d. It should have only one correct answer.

3. Two types of questions are commonly used in a classroom lesson: 

         a. Participation Question - used during the lesson to stimulate and maintain interest, 
              promote mental activity, and guide the thoughts of the Young Marines. 

         b. Evaluation Question - used before the lesson, or at the end of each stage of the 
              lesson to confirm the Young Marine's level of comprehension.

4. Other types of questioning techniques are: 

         a. Lead-Off - you start off with the beginning of the answer, but let the Young Marines 
              think, then answer. 

         b. Follow-Up - used after an important teaching point. 

         c. Overhead - ask a question to the whole class. 

         d. Direct - ask a specific question to a specific person. 

         e. Reverse and Reply - if someone is not quite getting the answer, then relay it to 
             someone who can help him or her out.

Evaluation Phase

Basically this is the test portion of any class given. It can come in the form of a written test or 
a performance evaluation. This is where you will see how well you taught your subject to the
audience. This is the most important part of the instruction process. If your students are failing,
either the written or practical application of your class, then in most cases, you failed to teach
the subject well enough. In some cases the students may not have fulfilled their obligation to
try to learn the subject being taught. The only way to find that out would be through a verbal
examination of the students study habits.

Conclusion During this class you have been taught the necessary guidelines for preparing and
teaching a class. During the next several months, each one of you will be teaching one or more
 periods of instruction on a subject or subjects that will require you to do some research and
produce a class outline in the format listed above. I hope this period of instruction will help you
 succeed in teaching a well-informed, well-planned class.

Appendix: Senior Young Marines Guide Performance Objective 6: Public Speaking