- Young Marines Training.com -
To Obtain Information, with your mouse, Click 'Copy', then
'Paste' to 'Microsoft Word' for Printing 'Lesson Plans',
'Training Outlines', and any other Documents that you need.
Tx Reg06 JLS4 Lesson Plans
When looking at the Below Listed Lesson Plans, they may look as if they have Wrapped Around.
If you Copy and Paste to a Word Program, it will print correctly.
My Margins are set to One (1) Inch all around.
The Originals were typed in Font Size of 10.
Page 2D, Regimental JLS Lesson Plans
Drug Demand Reduction Classes
16. Drug #1, Brain & Ecstacy, Class
17. Drug #1, Brain & Ecstacy Quizes
18. Drug #2, Mind Over Matter, Marijuana, Class
19. Drug #2, Mind Over Matter & Marijuana Quizes
20. Drug #3, Anabolic Steroids & Nicotine, Class
21. Drug #3, Anabolic Steroids & Nicotine Quizes
Drug Demand Reduction Classes
16. Drug #1, Brain & Ecstacy, Class
17. Drug #1, Brain & Ecstacy Quizes
18. Drug #2, Mind Over Matter, Marijuana, Class
19. Drug #2, Mind Over Matter & Marijuana Quizes
20. Drug #3, Anabolic Steroids & Nicotine, Class
21. Drug #3, Anabolic Steroids & Nicotine Quizes
16. Drug #1, Brain and Ecstasy, Class
1st Texas Young Marine Regiment
Junior Leadership School
Day 3, July 10th, 2006, Time 1400-1500
The Brain and Addiction, and Ecstasy
Terminal Learning Objective:
(1) The student will be able to identify the factual information about the human brain, its
addiction, and the drug Ecstasy.
(2) The student will be able to identify the negative effects of drug use and the human brain.
(3) The student will be able to identify drug refusal skills.
Enabling Learning Objectives:
(1) Without the use of your guidebook, you will be able to identify the different sections of the
brain and the effects on these sections.
(2) Without the use of your guidebook, you will be able to identify the negative effects of drug
use on the human brain.
(3) Without the use of your guidebook, you will be able to identify and use drug refusal skills.
OUTLINE:
Drug Knowledge
Some things that our society suffers are:
Higher taxes as a result of needing more police officers, more drug resistance trained staff at
hospitals, as well as money for drug rehab clinics, to name a few.
Disease. Getting stuck by a used needle can infect you with any number of diseases, some fatal.
Crime. People that get hooked on drugs just have to have them.
When they can no longer afford them, they turn to crime to get the money they need for them.
Crime affects everyone, even you.
THE BRAIN AND ADDICTION
1. Introducing Your Brain
a. The brain is the command center of your body.
b. It weighs about three pounds, and has different centers of systems that process
different kinds of information.
c. The Brain stem is the most primitive structure at the base of your brain.
d. The brain stem controls your heart rate, breathing, and sleeping.
1) It does the things you never think about.
e. Various parts or lobes of the brain process information from your sense organs:
1) The Occipital Lobe receives information from your eyes.
2) The Cerebral Cortex on top of the whole brain, is the thinking part of you.
a) That's where you store and process language, math, and strategies.
b) It's the thinking center.
3) The Limbic System is buried within the Cerebral Cortex.
a) It's responsible for survival.
b) It remembers and creates an appetite for the things that keep you alive.
4) The Cerebellum is responsible for things you learn once and never have to
think about, such as balance when walking or how to throw a ball.
2. How Does Your Brain Communicate?
a. The brain's job is to process information.
1) Brain cells called Neurons receive and send messages to and from other neurons.
2) There are billions of neurons in the human brain, each with as many as a
thousand thread like branches that reach out to other neurons.
3) In a neuron, a message is an electrical impulse.
a) The electrical message travels along the sending branch, or axon, of the
neuron.
b) When the message reaches the end of the axon, it causes the release of
a chemical called Neurotransmitter.
c) The chemical travels across a tiny gap, or Synapse, to other neurons.
4) Specialized molecules called Receptors on the receiving neuron pick up the
chemical.
a) The branches on the receiving end of a neuron are called Dendrites.
b) Receptors there have special shapes so they can only collect on kind of
Neurotransmitter.
5) In the dendrite, the neurotransmitter starts an electric impulse.
a) Its work done, the chemical is released back into the synapse.
b) The neurotransmitter then is broken down or is absorbed into the
sending neuron.
c) Neurons in your brain release many different neurotransmitters as you
go about your day thinking, feeling, reacting, breathing, and digesting.
d) When you learn new information or a new skill, your brain builds more
axons and dendrites first, as a tree grows roots and branches.
e) With more branches, neurons can communicate and send their messages
more efficiently.
3. What Do Drugs Do To The Brain?
a. Some drugs work in the brain because they have a similar size and shape as natural
neurotransmitters.
b. In the brain in the right amount or dose, these drugs lock into receptors and start an
unusual chain reaction of electrical charges, causing neurons to release large amounts
of their own neurotransmitters.
c. Some drugs lock onto the neuron and act like a pump, the neuron releases more
neurotransmitter.
d. Other drugs block re-absorption or re-uptake and cause unnatural floods of
neurotransmitters.
e. All drugs of abuse, such as nicotine, cocaine, and marijuana, primarily affect the brain's
limbic system.
f. Scientists call this the Reward system.
g. Normally, the limbic system responds to pleasurable experiences by releasing the
neurotransmitter dopamine, which creates feelings of pleasure.
4. What Happens If Someone Keeps Using Drugs?
a. Think about how you feel when something good happens.
1) Maybe your team wins a game, you're praised for something you've done well.
2) You drink a cold lemonade on a hot day.
3) That's your limbic system at work.
b. Because natural pleasures in our lives are necessary for survival, the limbic system
creates an appetite that drives you to seek those things.
c. The first time someone uses a drug of abuse, he or she experiences unnaturally intense
feelings of pleasure.
1) The limbic system is flooded with dopamine.
d. Of course, drugs have other effects, too;
1) A first-time smoker may also cough and feel nauseous from toxic chemicals in a
tobacco or marijuana cigarette.
e. But the brain starts changing right away as a result of the unnatural flood of
neurotransmitters.
1) Because they sense more that enough dopamine, neurons begin to reduce the
number of dopamine receptors.
2) Neurons may also make less dopamine.
3) The result is less dopamine in the brain:
a) This is called down regulation.
4) Because some drugs are toxic, some neurons may also die.
5. How Many Times Does Someone Have To Take A Drug To Become An Addict?
a. No one knows how many times a person can use a drug without changing his or her
brain and becoming addicted.
b. A person's genetic makeup probably plays a role.
1) But after enough doses, an addicted teen's limbic system craves the drug as it
craves food, water, or friends.
2) Drug craving is made worse because of down regulation.
c. Without a dose of the drug, dopamine levels in the drug abuser's brain are low.
1) The abuser feels flat, lifeless. 6. What Is Drug Addiction?
6. What Is Drug Addition?
a. Drug addiction is a complex brain disease. It is characterized by compulsive, at times
uncontrollable, drug craving, seeking, and use that persist even in the face of extremely
negative consequences.
b. Drug seeking becomes compulsive, in large part as a result of the effects of prolonged
drug use on brain functioning and on behavior.
c. For many people, drug addiction becomes chronic, with relapses possible even after
long periods of abstinence.
7. How Quickly Can I Become Addicted To A Drug?
a. There is no easy answer to this.
b. As you have been held quickly you might become addicted to drug depends on many
factors including your genes (which you inherit from your parents) and the biology of
your body.
c. All drugs are potentially harmful and they have life threatening consequences
associated with their use.
d. While one person may use a drug one or many times and suffered no ill effects, another
person may be particularly vulnerable and overdose with the first use.
e. There is no way of knowing in advance how someone may react.
8. How Do I Know If Someone Is Addicted To Drugs?
a. If a person is compulsively seeking and using a drug despite the negative
consequences, such as lots of job, debts, physical or mental problems brought by drug
abuse, or family problems, then he or she is probably addicted.
b. We don't have a perfect screening tool quite yet, but health-care professionals to
screen for drug use often ask questions like peace to detect substance abuse in their
adolescent patients :
1) Have You ever ridden in a car driven by someone (including yourself) who had
been using alcohol or drugs?
2) Do you ever use alcohol or drugs to relax, feel better about yourself, or fit in?
3) Do you ever use alcohol or drugs when you are alone?
4) Do you ever forget things you did while using alcohol or drugs?
5) Do your family or friends ever tell you to cut down on your drinking or drug use?
6) Have you ever gotten into trouble while you are using alcohol or drugs?
9. What Are The Physical Signs Of Abuse Or Addiction?
a. The physical signs of abuse or addiction can vary depending on the person and the
drug being abused.
b. In addition, each drug has short term and long term physical effects.
c. For example, someone who abuses marijuana may have a chronic cough or worsening
of asthmatic conditions.
d. Stimulants like cocaine increase heart rate and blood pressure, whereas opioids like
heroin may slow down the heart rate and reduce respiration.
10. Are There Effective Treatments For Drug Addiction?
a. Drug addiction can be effectively treated with behavioral based therapies and, for
addiction to some drugs such as heroine or nicotine, medications.
b. Treatment may vary from each person depending on the type of drug or drugs being
used and the individual's specific circumstances.
c. In many cases, multiple courses of treatment may be needed to achieve success.
d. Research has revealed 13 basic principles that underlie effective drug addiction
treatment.
11. Isn't Drug Addiction A Voluntary Behavior?
a. A person may start out taking drugs voluntarily.
b. But as time passes, and the drug use continuous something happens that makes a
person go from being a voluntary drug user to a compulsive drug user.
c. Why? Because the continued use of addicted drugs changes your brain - at times in
dramatic, toxic ways, at others in More subtle ways, but often in ways that result in
compulsive and even uncontrollable drug use.
12. Isn't Becoming Addicted To A Drug Just A Character Flaw?
a. Drug addiction is a brain disease.
b. Every type of drug abuse has its own individual mechanism for changing how the brain
functions.
c. But regardless of which drug a person is addicted to, many of the effects it has on the
brain are similar:
1) They range from changes in the molecules and cells that make up the brain,
2) To mood changes,
3) To changes in memory processes and thinking,
4) And sometimes changes in motor skills such as walking and talking.
d. And these changes have a huge influence on all aspects of a person's behavior.
e. A drug can become the single most powerful motivator in a drug abusers existence.
f. He or she will do almost anything for the drug.
g. This comes about because drug use has changed the individual's brain, but their
behavior, their social and other functioning in critical ways.
13. For Drug Treatment To Work, Doesn't The Person Have To Really Want It?
a. Two of the primary reasons people seek drug treatment are because the court ordered
them to do so, or because loved ones urged them to seek treatment.
b. Many scientific studies have shown convincingly that those who enter drug treatment
programs in which they face "high pressure" to confront an attempt to surmount their
addiction can benefit from treatment, regardless of the reason they sought treatment
in the first place.
14. Shouldn't Treatment For Drug Addiction Became A One Shot Deal?
a. Like many other illnesses, a drug addiction typically is a chronic disorder.
b. To be sure, some people can quit drug use cold turkey, or they can quit after receiving
treatment just one time at a rehabilitation facility.
c. But most of those who abuse drugs require longer-term treatment and, in many
instances, repeated treatments.
15. Shouldn't NIDA Strive To Find A Magic Bullet To Treat All Forms Of Drug Abuse?
a. There is no "one size fits all" form of drug treatment, much less a magic bullet that
suddenly looked fewer addiction.
b. Different people have different drug abuse related problems.
c. And they responded very differently to singular forms of treatment, even when they
are abusing the same drug.
d. As a result, drug addicts need an array of treatments and services tailored to address
their unique needs.
QUESTIONS: Quiz: The Brain and Addiction, 10 questions.
ECSTACY
1. What Is It?
a. Ecstasy is an illegal drug that has effects similar to hallucinogens and stimulants.
b. Ecstasy's scientific name is "MDMA" or MethyleneDioxyMethAmphetamine.
c. That word is almost as long as the all-night dance club "Raves" or "Trances" where
ecstasy is often used.
d. That's why Ecstasy is called a "Club Drug."
e. MDMA is sympathetic.
f. It does not come from a plant like marijuana does.
g. MDMA is a chemical made in secret labs are hidden around the country.
h. Other chemicals or substances are often added two or substituted for MDMA in Ecstasy
tablets, such as caffeine, dextromethorphan (cough syrup), amphetamines, and even
cocaine.
i. The makers of ecstasy can add anything they want to the drug.
j. So the purity of ecstasy is always in question.
2. What Are The Common Street Names?
a. Slang worked for ecstasy are E, X DTC, X, Adam, hug, beans, clarity, lover's speed,
and love drug.
3. How Is It Used?
a. Ecstasy is usually taken by mouth in a pill, tablet, or capsule.
b. These pills can be different colors, and sometimes the pills have cartoon-like images
on them.
c. Called "Bumping," some MDMA users take more than one pill at a time.
4. How Many Teens Use It?
a. According to a 2002 NIDA-funded study, some teens are getting smart and turning
their backs on Ecstasy.
b. For 10th graders in this NIDA-funded study, use of MDMA dropped from 6.2 percent
in 2001 to 4.9 percent in 2002.
c. There was also a drop in use by eight graders (from 3.5 percent to 2.9 percent) and
12th graders (from 9.2 percent to 7.4 percent) compared to 2001.
d. How many students in these grades have ever tried to assessing?
1) A 2002 NIDA study reported that 4.3 percent of eight graders, 6.6 percent of
10th Graders, and 10.5 percent of 12th graders had tried MDMA at least once
in their life.
5. Is MDMA Addictive?
a. Like other stimulant drugs, MDMA appears to have the ability to cause addiction.
b. That is, people continue to take the drug despite experiencing unpleasant side
effects, and other social, behavioral, and health consequences.
c. No one knows how many times a person can use a drug before coming addicted to it
or who is most vulnerable to addiction.
d. A person's genetic makeup, their living environment, and other factors probably play
a role in their susceptibility to addiction.
6. What Are The Common Effects?
a. In general, NIDA-supported research shows that use of any club drugs can cause
serious health problems and, in rare instances, even death.
b. Many drug users take combinations of drugs, including alcohol, which may further
increase their danger.
c. For the most users, a "Hit" of ecstasy lasts for three to six courts.
d. Once the pill is swallowed, it only takes about 15 minutes for ecstasy to get into the
bloodstream and reach the brain. e. About 45 minutes later, a user experiences
MDMA's peak level (high).
f. It's all downhill from there, unless the user "bumps" and takes more MDMA.
g. But even if the user only takes one pill the after-effects of MDMA can last for several
days to a week (or longer in regular MDMA users).
h. These include feelings of sadness, anxiety, depression, and memory difficulties.
i. MDMA has been shown to be neurotoxic in studies using animals.
j. We do not know yet whether it is neurotoxic in humans.
k. However, and memory loss has been found in regular users of MDMA, and this may
reflect damage to the neurons that released serotonin, which also affects the ability
to sleep and helps to regulate mood.
7. Initial Effects
a. Users might feel very alert or "Hyper" at first.
b. They can keep on dancing for hours at a time while at a rave.
c. Users also experience distortions in time, and other changes in perception, such as
enhanced sense of touch.
d. Some, however, become anxious and agitated.
e. Sweating or chills may occur, and the MDMA user may feel faint or dizzy.
f. Users can also become dehydrated through vigorous activity in a hot environment.
g. MDMA can interfere with the body's ability to regulate its temperature, which can
cause dangerous overheating (hypothermia).
h. This, in turn, can lead to serious heart, kidney, and liver problems, and rarely, death.
i. MDMA can be extremely dangerous in high doses, or when multiple small doses are
taken within a short time to maintain the ecstasy high.
j. Blood levels of the drug can reach very high levels, increasing the risk of hypothermia
and other negative health consequences of MDMA.
8. Long-Term Effects
a. Although we do not know whether there is long-term damage to the brain in human
MDMA users, or whether Effect of MDMA are reversible when someone stops using
the drug, one study, in non-human primates, showed that exposure to high doses
each MDMA for 4 days produced brain damage that was evident 6 to 7 years later.
b. In this study, the researchers found that some of the damaged nerve fibers grow
back, but not necessarily in the same parts of the brain.
c. It's like cutting off a limb of a fruit tree.
1) The tree is still alive and can sprout a new limb somewhere else, but may not
bear as much fruit as the old.
9. How To Say No To Drugs And Alcohol
a. You know that tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs are harmful to your health and at
they're illegal.
b. You may be dead set against them in your heart, but still worried about dealing with
the pressure from friends or acquaintances who might offer you drugs.
c. It can be tough, because even though you don't like what they're doing at the
moment, you might really like to the people.
d. You don't want to lose friends over, or looked geeky, but you don't want to use it.
e. What do you do?
f. The fact is a lot of times a simple "No Thanks" will end the discussion.
g. Here are some ways to say "No."
1) Flat out - Don't beat around the bush. Be direct and say no.
2) Play it off-make it into a joke.
a) I've got kind of a crazy reputation.
b) I can't just say like, If you think I'm crazy now, you don't ever want to
see me high!
3) Change the subject - They'll forget they offered you drugs.
4) Body language - Actions speak louder than words.
5) Excuses, Excuses - Some people can't handle the truth.
a) One time some of my friends were doing acid (LSD).
b) It was already laid at night, so I just ahead to work in the morning.
c) Not too long after that, I went home.
6) Low key - It doesn't have to be an attention-getter.
a) I'm kind of mellow.
b) I get offered junk sometimes, but I kind of act surprised or confused and
say, "No Thanks", like it's no big deal.
7) The ancestors - Your parents would be happy to help.
a) This is totally happened to me a lot, kids are drinking at parties, or
whatever.
b) I just blame my mother.
c) I go. "I can't! My mom checks me out the minute I walk in the door!
d) I acted all disappointed. It works.
8) Vote with your feet - Don't stick around.
a) This guy tried to pass me a joint at a party.
b) I told him, "I need a soda."
c) "See you in a bit."
d) He left me alone.
e) I don't care what he thinks anyway.
h. Remember, you don't have to reject the person, just a thing the person is doing.
i. Follow up your "No Thanks" by encouraging them to quit using.
QUESTIONS: Quiz: Ecstasy, 11 Questions.
Conclusion
During this class you have been taught about the Brain and Addiction, plus Ecstasy and its
affects on the human body. You will be evaluated on this class by use of two written exams.
It is up to you to use the information taught in this class to make not only yourself better
but your unit as a whole better.
17. Drug #1 Test, Brain & Ecstacy Quizes
1st Texas Young Marine Regiment
Junior Leadership School
Day 3, July 10th, 2006, Time 1400-1500
Quiz: The Brain and Addiction
These materials are produced by the National Institute on Drug Abuse,
and National Institutes OF Health. They are in the public domain and
may be reproduced without permission. Citation of the source is
appreciated.
Instructions: After reviewing Facts on Drugs: The Brain and Addiction take this short quiz
to test your knowledge.
1. The human brain weighs about as much as a _____________.
a. Donut.
b. Twelve-pack of Coke.
c. Chihuahua (the Taco Bell dog).
2. Neurons in the brain communicate with each other by ___________.
a. Passing axons
b. Releasing chemicals
c. Instant messaging
3. When you do something you enjoy, like watch a good movie, your __________ system
rewards you.
a. Limbic
b. Digestive
c. Nervous
4. When someone uses drugs repeatedly, their brain is ___________.
a. Trained to crave the drug
b. Smaller than before
c. Not changed
5. After a prolonged period of drug abuse, the brain ___________.
a. Needs less drug to get the same effect
b. Needs more drug to get the same effect
c. Experiences increasing amounts of dopamine
6. The brain's limbic system is also known as the ____________.
a. Thinking center
b. Reward system
c. Comfort system
7. Brain cells or neurons turn electrical impulses into _____________.
a. Chemical signals
b. Movement
c. Axons
8. Drugs work in the brain because they have similar _____________.
a. Electrical charges as brain cells
b. Size and shape as natural brain chemicals
c. Nerve cells as the brain
9. Drugs of abuse create intense feelings because they ____________.
a. Depress the nervous system
b. Shut off receptors in the occipital lobe
c. Cause a flood of dopamine in the limbic system
10. Drug abusers developed tolerance for drugs, meaning they need ___________.
a. More drug to get the same effect
b. Less drug to get the same effect
c. Different drugs to get the same effect
Quiz: Ecstasy
Instructions: After reviewing Facts on Drugs: Ecstasy take this short quiz to test your
knowledge.
1. Ecstasy is also known as _______________.
a. MDMA
b. PCP
c. LSD
2. Ecstasy is known as a "Club Drug" because ________________.
a. Teens take Ecstasy at a clubhouse
b. Teens take Ecstasy in a big sandwich
c. Teens use Ecstasy at all night dance clubs
3. Ecstasy is part _______________.
a. Opiate and inhalant
b. Stimulant and hallucinogen
c. Marijuana and prescription drug
4. A slang award for Ecstasy is ________________.
a. Dumbo
b. Adam
c. Noodles
5. Ecstasy is usually taken in a _________________.
a. Needle or syringe
b. Patch on the skin
c. Pill or tablet
6. In 2002 teens were using Ecstasy _______________ than in 2001.
a. Less
b. More
c. About the same
7. One of the dangers of Ecstasy is hypothermia or ______________.
a. Overheating
b. Freezing
c. Losing an arm or leg
8. MDMA is _______________ in animals.
a. Neurotoxic
b. Hypertoxic
c. Not toxic
9. Ecstasy is often made with ________________.
a. Other drugs
b. Added vitamins
c. Extra care Go On To Next Page
10. Ecstasy is often made with _______________.
a. Other drugs
b. Added vitamins
c. Extra care
11. A dose of Ecstasy lasts _______________.
a. All night
b. 30 minutes
c. Three to six hours
18. Drug #3, Mind Over matter, Marajuana
1st Texas Young Marine Regiment
Junior Leadership School
Day 5, July 12th, 2006, Time 0850-0950
The Brain, Marijuana, and Ecstasy
Terminal Learning Objective:
(1) The student will be able to identify the factual information about the human brain, its
addiction, and the drug Ecstasy.
(2) The student will be able to identify the negative effects of drug use and the human brain.
(3) The student will be able to identify drug refusal skills.
Enabling Learning Objectives:
(1) Without the use of your guidebook, you will be able to identify the different sections of
the brain and the effects on these sections.
(2) Without the use of your guidebook, you will be able to identify the negative effects of
drug use on the human brain.
(3) Without the use of your guidebook, you will be able to identify and use drug refusal skills.
OUTLINE:
Drug Knowledge
Some things that our society suffers are:
Higher taxes as a result of needing more police officers, more drug resistance trained staff at
hospitals, as well as money for drug rehab clinics, to name a few.
Disease. Getting stuck by a used needle can infect you with any number of diseases, some
fatal.
Crime. People that get hooked on drugs just have to have them. When they can no longer
afford them, they turn to crime to get the money they need for them. Crime affects everyone,
even you.
MIND OVER MATTER: MARIJUANA
1. The Brain's Response to Marijuana
a. You may have heard it called pot, weed, grass, ganja, herb, Mary Jane, reefer, or
skunk, boom, gangster, kif, chronic, but marijuana by any other name is still a drug
that affects the brain.
b. Do you know marijuana can cause some people to lose focus on events around them?
1) It makes others more aware of their physical sensations, and it has still more
effects on other people.
c. All these different changes are caused by chemicals that affect the brain.
d. More than 400 chemicals are in the average marijuana plant, some of which can cause
lung cancer.
e. When smoked, heat produces even more of them!
2. Where Does Marijuana Come From?
a. Marijuana is a mixture of the dried and shredded leaves, stems, seeds, and flowers
of the hemp plant.
b. The mixture can be green, brown, or gray. Hemp's scientific name is Cannabis Sativa.
c. A bunch of leaves seems harmless, right?
d. Like all plants it's sensitive to the environment where it grows.
e. Different weather and soil conditions can change the amounts of the chemicals inside
the plant.
f. That means marijuana from any place like Hawaii might be chemically stronger than
marijuana from Mexico or vice versa.
g. How does marijuana affect nerve cells in the brain?
h. Marijuana causes some parts of the brain - such as those in governing emotions,
memory and judgment - to lose balance and control.
3. Marijuana Invades The Brain.
a. How do the chemicals in marijuana change that way a person CDs, years, smells,
tastes, and feels things?
b. When someone uses marijuana, the chemicals travel through the bloodstream and
quickly attach to special places on the brain's nerve cells.
c. These devices are called receptors, because they receive information from other nerve
cells and from chemicals.
d. When a receptor receipts in formation, it causes changes in the nerve cell.
e. The chemicals and marijuana that has a big impact on the brain is called THC -
Tetrahydrocannabinol. (Whew! Trying saying that 10 times fast.)
f. Scientists recently discovered that some areas of the brain have a lot of THC receptors,
while others have very few or none.
g. These clues are helping researchers figure out exactly how THC works in the brain.
4. Marijuana May Cause Some Parts Of The Body To React In Different Ways.
a. What do you know about:
1) Rapid heart beat up to how many beats per minute?
a) Is it 100, 130, or 160?
b) marijuana can speed the heart rate up to 160
beats per minute.
2) Dilated blood vessels - can be seen in what part of the body?
a) Is it the face, the eyes, the feet?
b) dilated blood vessels make the whites of the eyes turned red.
3) A feeling of panic - accompanied by what kind of sensations?
a) Is it sweating, dry mouth, breathing difficulties or all of these?
b) Panic feelings may be accompanied by sweating, dry mouth and troubled
breathing.
4) Daily cough and more frequent chest colds very much like who?
a) Is it tobacco smokers, construction workers or the elderly?
b) Tobacco smokers.
5. Hippo Campus
a. One that region of the brain that contains a lot of THC receptors is the Hippocampus,
which processes learning and memory.
b. When THC attaches to receptors in the hippocampus, it weakens short term memory.
c. The hippocampus also communicates with other brain regions that process new
information into long term memory.
1) That's how you can remember today's math lesson or a new friend's phone
number.
d. In the brain, under the influence of marijuana, new information may never register -
and may be lost from memory.
e. Disrupting the normal functioning of the hippocampus can lead to trouble studying
and learning and problems recalling recent events.
f. Maybe you've heard that in some people, marijuana can cause uncontrollable laughter
one minute and paranoia the next.
g. That's because THC also influences emotions, probably by acting on a region of the
brain called the limbic system.
h. Interference with the hippocampus may also lead to lasting memory loss.
i. Studies in rats show that taking in a lot of THC over a long period of time can damage
neurons in the hippocampus.
j. Chances are, if it happens to rats, its happening to people who smoke marijuana.
6.Smoking Marijuana Can Make Driving Dangerous
a. The cerebellum is the section of our brain that does most of the work on balance and
coordination.
b. When THC finds its way into the cerebellum, it makes scoring a goal in soccer are
hitting a homerun pretty tough.
c. THC also does a number on the basal ganglia, another part of the brain that involved
in the movement control.
d. These THC effects can spell disaster on the highway.
e. Research shows that drivers on marijuana have slow reaction times, impaired
judgment, and problems responding to signals and sounds on the road.
f. In one study of 15 year old reckless drivers, 33 tested positive for marijuana.
7. Smoking Marijuana May Lead To Lung Cancer
a. The list of negative effects goes on and on.
b. Smoking marijuana may increase the risk of heart attack.
c. Smoking marijuana may cause lung cancer because it has some of the same cancer-
causing substances as tobacco.
d. Plus, marijuana smokers tend to inhale more deeply and hold their breath longer
than cigarette smokers do.
e. So more smoke enters the lungs.
f. Puff for puff, smoking marijuana may increase the risk of cancer even more than
smoking cigarettes does.
8. How Is It Used?
a. Marijuana is used in many ways.
b. Some users brew it as tea or mix it with food.
c. Others smoke blunts - cigars hollowed how to and filled with the drug.
d. Sometimes marijuana is smoked through a water pipe called a bong.
e. The most common method is smoking loose marijuana rolled into a cigarette called
a joint or nail.
9. How Many Teens Use Marijuana?
a. Ever heard that lame line "Everybody's Doing It?"
b. Tell that person to check the facts.
c. As part of 2002 of a NIDA-funded study, researchers asked teens if they had used
marijuana or hashish (another form of marijuana) in the past month.
1) Of all the eighth graders surveyed, only 8.3 percent said yes.
2) Only 17.8 percent of 10th graders had used the drug in the past month.
3) And just 21.5 percent of 12th graders.
10. What are the common effects?
a. Imagined this: your into a ball game, played out in left field.
1) An easy time I'll come to your way, and your psyched.
2) When that ball lands in your glove, your team will win, and you'll be a hero.
3) But, you're a little off.
4) The ball grazes your glove and hits dirt.
5) So much for your dreams up a glory.
b. Such loss of coordination can be caused by smoking marijuana.
c. That's just one of the many negative side effects.
d. Under the influence of marijuana, you could forget your best friend's number, watch
your grade point average dropped like a rock, or get into a car accident.
e. Even worse, high doses of marijuana use can cause anxiety and panic attacks.
f. Before we look at the damage marijuana can do, let's back up for a second and
discuss a tricky truth.
1) For some people, smoking marijuana makes them feel good.
g. Live in minutes of inhaling, a user begins to feel high, or filled with pleasant
sensations.
h. A chemical and marijuana, THC, triggers brain cells to release the chemical dopamine.
i. Dopamine creates good feelings for a short time.
11. Addiction
a. Here's the thing: Once dopamine starts flowing, a user feels the urge to smoke
marijuana again, and then again, and then again.
b. Repeated use could lead to addiction, and addiction is a brain disease.
12. THC Attaches To Specific Receptors In The Brain
a. THC is up to do good in the brain.
b. THC finds brain cells, or neurons, with specific kinds of receptors called Cannabinoid
receptors.
c. Then, it binds to these receptors.
d. When it attaches to a neuron, THC interferes with normal communication between
neurons.
e. Think of it as a disruption in the phone service, caused perhaps by too many users
all at once.
f. Let's say neuron #1 needs to tell neuron #2 to create a new memory.
g. If THC is in the mix, this communication is likely to fail.
h. Certain parts of the brain have high concentrations of Cannabioid receptors.
i. These areas are: the hippocampus, the cerebellum, the basal ganglia, and the
cerebral cortex.
13. The Search Continues
a. Some of THC's effects are useful in the world of medicine like preventing nausea and
blocking pain.
b. The trick is for scientists to get these results without the harmful effects.
c. Researchers recently found out the brain makes a chemical - Anandamide - that
attaches to the same receptors as THC.
d. This discovery may lead to the development of medications that are chemically similar
to THC less harmful, and they may be used for treating nausea and pain.
e. However, smoking marijuana is difficult to justify medically because the amount of THC
in marijuana is not always consistent.
f. It would be difficult - if not impossible - to come up with a safe and effective use of the
drug because you could never be sure how much THC you were getting.
g. Moreover, the many effects of marijuana smoke on the lungs will offset the helpfulness
of smoked marijuana for some patients.
h. Finally, little is known about the many chemicals besides THC that are in marijuana,
or their possible negative impact on patients with medical conditions.
14. Does Marijuana Lead To The Use Of Other Drugs?
a. It could. Long-term studies of high school students and their patterns of drug use
show that very few young people use other illegal drugs without first trying
marijuana.
b. For example, the risk of using cocaine is much greater for those who have tried
marijuana than for those who have never tried it.
c. Using the marijuana puts children and teens in contact with people who are users
and sellers of other drugs.
d. So there is more of a risk that a marijuana user will be exposed to and urged to try
more drugs.
e. To better determine this risk, scientists are examining the possibility that long term
marijuana use may create changes in the brain that make a person more at risk of
becoming addicted to other drugs, such as alcohol or cocaine.
f. Further research is needed to predict who will be at greatest risk.
15. How Can You Tell If Someone Has Been Using Marijuana?
a. If someone is high on marijuana, he or she might:
1) Seem dizzy and have trouble walking.
2) Seem silly and giggly for no reason.
3) Have very red, bloodshot eyes; and
4) Have a hard time remembering things that just happened.
b. When the early effects fade, over a few hours, the user can become very sleepy.
16. If A Woman Is Pregnant And Smokes Marijuana, Will It Hurt The Baby?
a. Doctors advise pregnant women not to use any drugs because they could harm the
growing fetus.
b. One animal study has linked marijuana use to loss of the fetus very early in pregnancy.
c. Other studies in children born to mothers who used to marijuana have shown
increased behavioral problems during infancy and preschool years.
d. In school, these children are more likely to have problems with decision making,
memory, and the ability to remain attentive.
e. Researchers are not certain whether health problems that may be caused by early
exposure to marijuana will remain as the child grows into adulthood.
f. However, since some parts of the brain continue to develop throughout adolescents,
it is also possible that certain kinds of problems may appear as the child matures.
17. Can People Become Addicted To Marijuana?
a. Yes. Long term marijuana use can lead to addiction in some people.
b. That just, they cannot control their urges to seek out and use marijuana, even
though it negatively affects their family relationships, school performance, and
recreational activities, and recreational activities.
c. According to one study, marijuana use by teenagers to have prior antisocial problems
can quickly lead to addiction.
d. In addition, some frequent, heavy marijuana users develop "tolerance" to its effects.
e. This means they need larger and larger amounts of marijuana to get the same
desired effects as they used to get from smaller amounts.
18. How To Say No To Drugs And Alcohol
a. You know that tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs are harmful to your health and at
they're illegal.
b. You may be dead set against them in your heart, but still worried about dealing with
the pressure from friends or acquaintances who might offer you drugs.
c. It can be tough, because even though you don't like what they're doing at the
moment, you might really like to the people.
d. You don't want to lose friends over, or looked geeky, but you don't want to use it.
e. What do you do?
f. The fact is a lot of times a simple "No Thanks" will end the discussion.
g. Here are some ways to say "No."
1) Flat out - Don't beat around the bush. Be direct and say no.
2) Play it off-make it into a joke.
a) I've got kind of a crazy reputation.
b) I can't just say like, If you think I'm crazy now, you don't ever want to see
me high!
3) Change the subject - They'll forget they offered you drugs.
4) Body language - Actions speak louder than words.
5) Excuses, Excuses - Some people can't handle the truth.
a) One time some of my friends were doing acid (LSD).
b) It was already laid at night, so I just ahead to work in the morning.
c) Not too long after that, I went home.
6) Low key - It doesn't have to be an attention-getter.
a) I'm kind of mellow.
b) I get offered junk sometimes, but I kind of act surprised or confused and
say, "No Thanks", like it's no big deal.
7) The ancestors - Your parents would be happy to help.
a) This is totally happened to me a lot, kids are drinking at parties, or
whatever.
b) I just blame my mother.
c) I go, "I can't! My mom checks me out the minute I walk in the door!"
d) I acted all disappointed. It works.
8) Vote with your feet - Don't stick around.
a) This guy tried to pass me a joint at a party.
b) I told him, "I need a soda."
c) "See you in a bit."
d) He left me alone.
e) I don't care what he thinks anyway.
h. Remember, you don't have to reject the person, just a thing the person is doing.
i. Follow up your "No Thanks" by encouraging them to quit using.
QUESTIONS: Quiz: Marijuana, 10 questions.
Conclusion
During this class you have been taught about the Brain and Marijuana and its effects on the
human body. You will be evaluated on this class by use of a written exam. It is up to you to
use the information taught in this class to make not only yourself better but your unit as a
whole better.
19. Drug 2 Tests, Mind Over Matter, Marijuana
1st Texas Young Marine Regiment
Junior Leadership School
Day 5, July 12th, 2006, Time 0850-0950
Quiz: Mind Over Matter: Marijuana
These materials are produced by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and National
Institutes Of Health. They are in the public domain and may be reproduced without
permission. Citation of the source is appreciated.
Instructions: After reviewing Facts on Drugs: Mind Over Matter: Marijuana take this short
quiz to test your knowledge.
1. Marijuana is made up of parts of a ___________.
a. Hemp plant
b. Fern
c. Ivy plant
2. The chemical in marijuana that causes the user to feel high is ___________.
a. Dopamine
b. Cannabis Sativa
c. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
3. Pot, grass, chronic, and Mary Jane are all slang terms for _________.
a. The effects of marijuana
b. Marijuana
c. Methods of smoking marijuana
4. How many teens smoked marijuana regularly?
a. More than half
b. Fewer than 25 percent
c. Fewer than one percent
5. Marijuana users experience short term memory loss because of the drugs effect on
the __________
a. The heart
b. The hippocampus
c. The basal ganglia
6. Which of the following is an accurate description of marijuana?
a. The dried, shredded leaves, stems, flowers, and seeds of the hemp plant
b. Juice extracted from the plant
c. The roots of the hemp plant
7. Tetrahydrocannabinol, the active ingredient in marijuana, acts on the brain by __________.
a. Coating the skull
b. Binding to specific receptors
c. Causing brain tissue to grow
8. While pot, grass, chronic, and Mary Jane are slang terms for marijuana, the term for loose
marijuana rolled into a cigarette is a __________.
a. Joint
b. Blunt
c. Bong
9. It's easy to see why Stewart and 25 percent on today's teams are choosing to smoke
\ marijuana. In addition to causing trouble and the brain, smoking marijuana may increase
the risk of __________.
a. Amputation and obesity
b. Kidney stones and ruptured appendix
c. Heart attacks and lung cancer
10. Memory problems associated with marijuana use are due to THC's actions in which part of the brain?
a. The cerebellum
b. The hippocampus
c. Dopamine
20. Drug #3, Anabolic Steroids & Nicotine, Class
1st Texas Young Marine Regiment
Junior Leadership School
Day 5, July 12th, 2006, Time 1530-1620
Anabolic Steroids & Nicotine
Terminal Learning Objective:
(1) The student will be able to identify the factual information about the human brain, its
addiction, and the drugs Anabolic Steroids & Nicotine.
(2) The student will be able to identify the negative effects of drug use and the human brain.
(3) The student will be able to identify drug refusal skills.
Enabling Learning Objectives:
(1) Without the use of your guidebook, you will be able to identify the different sections of the
brain and the effects on these sections.
(2) Without the use of your guidebook, you will be able to identify the negative effects of drug
use on the human brain.
(3) Without the use of your guidebook, you will be able to identify and use drug refusal skills.
OUTLINE:
Drug Knowledge Some things that our society suffers are:
Higher taxes as a result of needing more police officers, more drug resistance trained staff at
hospitals, as well as money for drug rehab clinics, to name a few.
Disease. Getting stuck by a used needle can infect you with any number of diseases, some fatal.
Crime. People that get hooked on drugs just have to have them. When they can no longer
afford them, they turn to crime to get the money they need for them. Crime affects everyone,
even you.
ANABOLIC STEROIDS
1. What Are They?
a. Ever wondered how those bulky weight lifters got so big?
b. While some may have gotten their muscles through a strict regiment of weight lifting
and diet, others may have gotten that way through the illegal use of steroids.
c. Steroids are synthetic substances similar to the male sex hormone testosterone.
d. They have a legitimate medical uses.
e. Sometimes doctors prescribe anabolic steroids to help people with certain kinds of
anemia and men who don't produce enough testosterone on their own.
f. Doctors also prescribe a different kind of steroid, called Corticosteroids, to reduce
swelling.
g. Corticosteroids are not anabolic steroids and do not have the same harmful effects.
h. But doctors never prescribe anabolic steroids to young, healthy people to help them
build muscles.
i. Without a prescription from a doctor, steroids are illegal.
j. There are many different kinds of steroids.
k. Here's a list of some of the most common anabolic steroids taken today:
1) Anadrol, oxandrin, dianabol, winstrol, deca-durabolin, and equipoise.
2. What Are The Common Street Names?
a. Slang words for steroids are hard to find.
b. Most people just say steroids.
c. On the street, steroids may be called roids or juice.
d. The scientific name for this class of drugs is anabolic-androgenic steroids.
e. Anabolic refers to muscle-building.
f. Androgenic refers to increase the male characteristics.
g. But even scientists shortened it to anabolic steroids.
3. How Are They Used?
a. Some steroid users pop pills.
b. Others use hypodermic needles to inject steroids directly into muscles.
c. When users take more and more of a drug over and over again they are called
"Abusers."
d. Abusers have been known to take doses 10 to 100 times higher than the amount
described for medical reasons by a doctor.
e. Many steroid users take two or more kinds of steroids at once.
f. Called Stacking, this way of taking steroids is supposed to get users bigger faster.
g. Some abusers Pyramid their doses in 6-12-week cycles.
h. At the beginning of the cycle, the steroid user and starts with low doses and slowly
increases to higher doses.
i. In the second half of the cycle, they gradually decrease the amount of steroids.
j. Neither of these methods has been proven to work.
4. How Many Teens Use Them?
a. Most teens are smart and stay away from steroids.
b. As part of a 2002 NIDA-funded study, teens were asked if they ever tried steroids-
even once.
c. Only 2.5 percent of eighth graders ever tried steroids; only 3.5 percent of 10th
graders; and 4 percent of 12th graders.
5. What Are The Common Effects?
a. Steroids can make a pimple is pop up and hair fall out.
b. They can make guys grow breasts and girls grow beards.
c. Steroids can cause liver is to grow tumors and hearts to clog up.
d. They can even send users on violent, angry rampages.
e. In other words, steroids throw a body way out of whack.
f. Steroids to make users bulk up, but the health risks are high.
g. It's true, on steroids biceps bulge; abs ripple; and quads balloon.
h. But that's just on the outside.
i. The steroid users may be very pleased when they flex in the mirror, but they may
create problems on the inside.
j. These problems may hurt them the rest of their lives.
k. As a matter of fact steroid use can shorten their lives.
6. Steroids Cause Hormone Imbalances
a. For teens, hormone to balance is important.
b. Hormones are involved in the development of a girl's feminine traits and a boy's
masculine traits.
c. When someone abuses steroids, gender mix-ups happen.
d. Using steroids, guys can experience shrunken testicles and reduced sperm count.
e. They can also end in the up with breasts, a condition called Gynocomastia.
f. Using steroids, girls can become more masculine.
1) Their voices deepened.
2) They grow excessive body hair.
3) Their breast size decreases.
7. Steroid Abuse Can Be Fatal
a. When steroids get into the body, they go to different organs and muscles.
b. Steroids affect individual cells and makes them create proteins.
c. These proteins spell trouble.
d. The liver, for example, can grow tumors and develop cancer.
e. Steroid abusers may also develop a rare condition called Peliosis Hepatis in which
blood-filled cysts crop up on the liver.
f. Both the tumors and cysts can rupture and cause internal bleeding.
g. Steroids are no friend of the heart, either.
h. Abusing steroids can cause heart attacks and strokes, even in young athletes.
i. Here's a howl: steroid use can lead to a condition called Atherosclerosis, which
causes the fat deposits inside arteries to disrupt blood flow.
j. When blood flow to the heart is blocked, a heart attack can occur.
k. If blood flow to the brain is blocked, a stroke can result.
l. To bulk up the artificial way-using steroids-puts teens at risk for more than liver
disease and cardiovascular disease.
m. Steroids can weaken the immune system, which is what helps the body fight against
germs and disease.
n. That means that illnesses and diseases have an easy target in a steroid abuse.
o. By inject been steroids by needles, teens can add H. I. V. and Hepatitis B and C to
their list of health hazards.
p. Many abusers share non-sterile than " works" or drug injection equipment that can
spread life-threatening viral infections.
8. Are Anabolic Steroids Addictive?
a. It is possible that some of steroid abusers may become addicted to the drugs, as
evidenced by their continuing to take steroids in spite of physical problems, negative
effects on social relations, or nervousness and irritability.
b. Also, they spend large amounts of time and money obtaining the drugs and
experience withdrawal symptoms such as mood swings, fatigue, restlessness, loss of
appetite, insomnia, reduced sex drive, and the desire to take more steroids.
c. The most dangerous of the withdrawal symptoms is depression, because it
sometimes leads to suicide attempts.
d. Untreated, some depressive symptoms associated with anabolic steroid withdrawal
have been known to persist for a year or more after the abuser stops taking the
drugs.
NICOTINE
1. What Are The Common Effects?
a. With each puff of a cigarette, a smoker pulls nicotine into his or her lungs were it is
absorbed into the blood.
b. In eight seconds, nicotine is in the brain, changing the way the brain works.
c. This process process happens is so fast because nicotine is shaped like the natural
brain chemical Acetylcholine.
d. Acetylcholine is one of many chemicals called neurotransmitters that carry messages
between brain cells.
e. Neurons have special spaces called receptors, into which specific neurotransmitters
can fit, like key fitting into a lock.
f. Nicotine locks into acetylcholine receptors in different parts of the brain, rapidly
causing changes in the body and brain.
g. Nicotine raises the heart rate and respiration (breathing) rate, and causes more
glucose, or blood sugar, to be released into the blood.
h. This might be why smokers feel more alert after smoking a cigarette.
i. Nicotine also attached to neurons (brain cells) that release a neurotransmitter called
dopamine.
j. Nicotine stimulates neurons to release unusually large amounts of a dopamine.
k. Dopamine stimulates the brain's pleasure and reward circuit, a group of brain
structures called the limbic system involved in appetite, learning, memory, and
feelings of pleasure. l. Normally, pleasurable feelings come from food, comfort, and the
company of people you love.
m. But smoking cigarette causes a flood of dopamine in the smoker's brain.
n. It is this a flood of a dopamine that gives the smoker intense feelings of pleasure.
o. Normally, neurons reabsorb neurotransmitters after they've done their job of
signaling other brain cells.
p. but cigarette smoke causes dopamine to stay in the spaces between neurons called
synapses.
q. Researchers don't yet know exactly what component of tobacco smoke blocks
reabsorption of dopamine into neurons.
r. In the 40 minutes, half the effects of nicotine are gone.
s. So smokers get the urge to light up for another dose of the drug.
t. After repeated doses of nicotine, the brain changes.
u. To adjust to too much dopamine, the brain cuts production of the neurotransmitter
and reduces the number of some receptors.
v. Now, the smoker needs nicotine just to create normal levels of dopamine in his or
her brain.
w. Without nicotine, the smoker feels irritable and depressed.
x. The smoker has trained the limbic system to crave tobacco.
y. Think about How you long for a cold drink on a hot day.
z. Or how you want a sandwich when you are hungry.
aa. Craving for tobacco is much stronger.
bb. These changes in the brain and body make nicotine highly addictive.
cc. Other addictive drugs of abuse, including heroin and cocaine, causes the same
changes in the brain.
dd. While inhaling a cigarette, smokers are calling in more than nicotine into their lungs.
ee. Tobacco smoke contains more than 4000 chemicals.
ff. Besides nicotine, the most dangerous chemicals in cigarette smoke are tar and carbon
monoxide.
gg. Tar causes lung cancer, emphysema, and bronchial diseases.
hh. Carbon monoxide causes heart problems; smokers are at high risk for heart disease.
ii. Smokers also have a dulled sense of smell and taste, reduced stamina for exercise
and sports, and a smell of smoke.
jj. After smoking for a while, smokers find their skin ages faster and their teeth turn
brown or discolored.
2. Tobacco Kills
a. Each year, nearly half one million Americans die for tobacco use.
b. One of every six deaths in the United States is a result of smoking tobacco, making
tobacco more lethal than all other addictive drugs combined.
3. Nervous Or Depressed?
a. Scientists are learning how tobacco and nicotine effect teen smokers.
b. Studies going for 25 years show a link between heavy teen smoking and fear of going
outside (Agoraphobia).
c. Teens who smoke or six times more likely to get agoraphobia.
d. And, teen smokers were 15 times more likely to have panic attacks than teens who
did not smoke.
e. Scientists think of the reason is that nicotine hurts blood vessels in to the brain, and
also blocks air from the lungs.
f. Whatever the reason, teen smokers are more likely to have panic attacks, anxiety
disorders, and depression.
4. What Is It?
a. Nicotine is the drug in tobacco leaves.
b. Whether someone smokes, chews, or Sniffs tobacco, he or she is delivering nicotine
to the brain.
c. Each cigarette contains about 10 milligrams of nicotine.
d. Nicotine is what keeps people smoking despite its harmful effects.
e. Because the smoker inhales only some of the smoke from a cigarette and not all of
each puff is absorbed in the lungs, a smoker gets about one to two milligrams of the
drug from each cigarette.
f. A drop out of pure nicotine would kill a person-in fact, nicotine to be used as a
pesticide on crops.
5. What Are The Common Street Names?
a. You might hear cigarettes referred to as smokes, cigs, or butts.
b. Smokeless tobacco is often called chew, dip, spit tobacco, or snuff.
6. How Is It Used?
a. Tobacco can be smoke in cigarettes, cigars, or pipes.
b. It can be chewed or, if powdered, sniffed.
c. An alternative to cigarettes is "Bidis."
d. Originally from India, Bidis are hand-rolled.
e. In the U.S., bidis are popular with teens because they come in colorful packages with
flavor choices.
f. Some teens think that bidis are less harmful than regular cigarettes.
g. But bidis have even more nicotine, which may make people smoke more, causing
them to be more harmful to the lungs then cigarettes.
7. What Is The Extent And Impact Of Tobacco Use?
a. According to the 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, an estimated 56.3
million Americans were current smokers and 7.3 million used smokeless tobacco,
which means that nicotine is one of the most widely abused substances.
b. In addition, in 1998 each day in United States more than 2000 people under the age
of 18 began smoking daily.
c. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the prevalence of
cigarette smoking among U.S. high school students increased from 27.5 percent in
1991 to 36.4 percent in 1997 before declining to 34.8 percent in 1999.
d. NIDA's own monitoring the Future Study, which annually surveys drug use and related
attitudes of America's adolescents, also found the prevalence rates for smoking
among youth declined from 1999 to 2002.
e. Since 1975, nicotine in the form of cigarettes has consistently been the substance the
greatest number of high school students use daily.
8. How Many Teens Use It?
a. More than 3 1/2 million teens between the ages of 12 and 17 use tobacco-that's
about 15 percent of teens that age.
b. Of those, just over 3 million, or 13 percent, smoke cigarettes.
c. In the U.S., 66.5 million people, or about 29 percent of the population, use tobacco.
9. Is Nicotine Addictive?
a. Yes, nicotine is addictive.
b. Most smokers use tobacco regularly because they are addicted to nicotine.
c. Addiction is characterized by compulsive drug-seeking and use, even the face of
negative health consequences, and tobacco used certainly fits the description.
d. It is well documented that most smokers identify tobacco as harmful and express a
desire to reduce or stop using it, and nearly 35 million of them make a serious
attempt to quit each year.
e. Unfortunately, less than 7 percent of those try to quit on their own achieve more than
one year of abstinence; most relapse within a few days of attempting to quit.
10. How Does Nicotine Deliver Its Effects?
a. Nicotine can act as both a stimulant and a sedative.
b. Immediately after exposure to nicotine, there is a "kick" caused part by the drug's
stimulation of the adrenal glands and resulting discharge of epinephrine
(adrenaline).
c. The rush of adrenaline stimulates the body and causes a sudden release of glucose
as well as an increase in blood pressure, respiration, and heart rate.
d. Nicotine also suppresses insulin output from the pancreas, which means that smokers
are always slightly hyperglycemic.
e. In addition, nicotine indirectly causes a release of dopamine in the brain regions that
control pleasure and motivation.
f. This reaction is similar to that scene with other drugs of abuse -- such as cocaine and
heroin-and stop to underlie the pleasurable sensations experienced by many smokers.
g. An important but poorly understood component of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome
is craving, and urge for nicotine that has been described as a major obstacle to
successful abstinence.
h. High levels of craving for tobacco may persist for six months or longer.
i. While the withdrawal syndrome is related to the pharmacological effects of nicotine,
many behavioral factors also can affect the severity of withdrawal symptoms.
j. For some people, the feel, smell, and sight of a cigarette and the ritual of obtaining,
handling, lighting, and smoking cigarettes are all associated with the pleasurable
effects of smoking and can make withdrawal or craving worse.
k. While nicotine gum and patches may alleviate the pharmacological aspects of
withdrawal, cravings often persist.
11. What Are The Medical Consequences Of Nicotine Use?
a. The medical consequences of nicotine exposure resulted from effects of both the
nicotine itself and how is taken.
b. The most deleterious effects of nicotine addiction are the result of tobacco use, which
accounts for one-third of all cancers.
c. Foremost among the cancers caused by tobacco is lung cancer -- the number one
cancer killer of both men and women.
d. Cigarette smoking has been linked to about 90 percent of all lung cancer cases.
e. In addition to lung cancer, smoking also causes lung disease such as chronic
bronchitis and emphysema, and has been found to exasperate asthma symptoms in
adults and children.
f. Smoking is also associated with cancers of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus,
stomach, pancreas, cervix, kidney, ureter, and the bladder.
g. The overall rates of death from cancer are twice as high among smokers as
nonsmokers, with heavy smokers having rates that are four times greater than those
of nonsmokers.
h. Cigarette smoking is the most important preventable cause of cancer in United States.
i. In addition to its ability to cause cancer, a relationship between cigarette smoking and
coronary heart disease was first reported in the 1940s.
j. Since that time, and has been well documented that smoking substantially increase
the risk of heart disease, including stroke, heart attack, vascular disease, and
aneurysm.
12. Smoking And Pregnancy: What Are The Risks?
a. In pregnant women, carbon monoxide (a lethal gas) and the high doses of nicotine
obtained when they inhale tobacco smoke interferes with oxygen supply to the fetus.
b. Nicotine readily crosses the placenta, and nicotine concentrations in the fetus can be
as much as 15 percent higher than maternal levels.
c. It appears that nicotine is concentrated in a fetal blood, amniotic fluid, and
breast milk.
d. Another ingredient of tobacco smoke, carbon monoxide, has been shown to inhibit
the release of oxygen into fetal tissues.
e. These factors, combined, may account for the developmental delays as seen in some
fetuses and infants of smoking mothers.
f. Women who smoke during pregnancy are at greater risk than nonsmokers to
premature delivery, and there is a risk of lower birth weights for infants carried
to term.
g. In the United States it is estimated that 20 percent or more of pregnant woman
smoke throughout their pregnancies.
h. The adverse effects of smoking may occur in every trimester of pregnancy; they range
from spontaneous abortions in the first trimester to increased premature delivery
rates and decreased birth weights in the final trimester.
i. The decreased birth weights as seen in infants of mothers who smoke reflects a dose-
dependent relationship: the more the mother smokes during pregnancy, the greater
the reduction of infant birth weight.
j. Conversely, women who give up smoking early in pregnancy have infants of similar
weight to those of nonsmokers.
13. Are There Effective Treatments For Nicotine Addiction?
a. Yes, extensive research has shown that behavioral and pharmacological treatments
such as the nicotine patch and gum, and buproprion (Zyban) for nicotine addiction
do work.
b. For those individuals motivated to quit smoking, a combination of behavioral and
pharmacological treatments can increase the success rate approximately two fold
over placebo treatments.
c. Furthermore, smoking cessation can have an immediate positive impact on individuals
health; for example, a 35 yr. old man who quits smoking wil,l on the average,
increase his life expectancy by 5.1 yr.
14. How To Say No To Drugs And Alcohol
a. You know that tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs are harmful to your health and at
they're illegal.
b. You may be dead set against them in your heart, but still worried about dealing with
the pressure from friends or acquaintances who might offer you drugs.
c. It can be tough, because even though you don't like what they're doing at the
moment, you might really like to the people.
d. You don't want to lose friends over, or looked geeky, but you don't want to use it.
e. What do you do?
f. The fact is a lot of times a simple "No Thanks" will end the discussion.
g. Here are some ways to say "No."
1) Flat out - Don't beat around the bush. Be direct and say no.
2) Play it off-make it into a joke.
a) I've got kind of a crazy reputation.
b) I can't just say like, If you think I'm crazy now, you don't ever want to
see me high!
3) Change the subject - They'll forget they offered you drugs.
4) Body language - Actions speak louder than words.
5) Excuses, Excuses - Some people can't handle the truth.
a) One time some of my friends were doing acid (LSD).
b) It was already laid at night, so I just ahead to work in the morning.
c) Not too long after that, I went home.
6) Low key - It doesn't have to be an attention-getter.
a) I'm kind of mellow.
b) I get offered junk sometimes, but I kind of act surprised or confused and
say, "No Thanks", like it's no big deal.
7) The ancestors - Your parents would be happy to help.
a) This is totally happened to me a lot, kids are drinking at parties, or
whatever.
b) I just blame my mother.
c) I go. "I can't! My mom checks me out the minute I walk in the door!"
d) I acted all disappointed. It works.
8) Vote with your feet - Don't stick around.
a) This guy tried to pass me a joint at a party.
b) I told him, "I need a soda."
c) "See you in a bit."
d) He left me alone.
e) I don't care what he thinks anyway.
h. Remember, you don't have to reject the person, just a thing the person is doing.
i. Follow up your "No Thanks" by encouraging them to quit using.
QUESTIONS: Quizzes: Anabolic Steroids, 10 Questions.
and Nicotine, 9 Questions
Conclusion
During of this class you have been taught about the Brain and Addiction, plus Anabolic
Steroids & Nicotine and their affects on the human body. You will be evaluated on this
class by use of two written exams. It is up to you to use the information taught in this
class to make not only yourself better but your unit as a whole better.
21. Drug #3 Tests, Anabolic Steroids
1st Texas Young Marine Regiment
Junior Leadership School
Day 5, July 12th, 2006, Time 1530-1630
Quiz: Anabolic Steroids
These materials are produced by the National Institute on Drug Abuse,
and National Institutes OF Health. They are in the public domain and
may be reproduced without permission. Citation of the source is
appreciated.
Instructions: After reviewing Facts on Drugs: Anabolic Steroids take this short quiz to
test your knowledge.
1. Steroids are synthetic versions of __________.
a. Bacteria
b. Testosterone
c. Estrogen
2. The practice of taking more than one kind of steroid at a time is called __________.
a. Cycling
b. Pyramiding
c. Stacking
3. Steroid abuse can cause __________ tumors.
a. Brain
b. Liver
c. Heart
4. Gynecomastia, a condition that can be caused by steroid abuse, is __________.
. Breast development in men
b. Fat deposits in arteries
c. Baldness
5. "Roid Rage" refers to __________.
a. Emotional changes brought on by steroid abuse
b. Drivers on steroids
c. Steroid-induced strength
6. Steroids, or synthetic versions of the hormone testosterone, __________.
a. Stimulate muscle growth
b. Cause eyesight to improve
c. Increased intelligence
7. In addition to stacking, steroid abusers have been known to take doses up to __________
times higher than what would be prescribed by a doctor.
a. 5
b. 500
c. 100
8. Liver tumors and blood filled cysts brought on by steroid abuse can rupture and
cause __________.
a. Strokes
b. Internal bleeding
c. Heart attacks
9. While males can develop breasts, female steroid abusers become more masculine. Among
other things, their voice __________.
a. Gets hoarse
b. Deepens
c. Gets higher
10. Roid Rage, or the violent aggression brought on by steroids, is a result of __________.
a. Painful clogged arteries
b. Embarrassing acne
c. The drug acting on the limbic system
Quiz: Nicotine
Instructions: After reviewing Facts on Drugs: Nicotine take this short quiz to test your knowledge.
1. Tobacco use can be contributed to about __________deaths in the United States each year.
a. 50,000
b. 100,000
c. 500,000
2. Smokers crave cigarettes because they __________.
a. Like the smell of cigarette smoke
b. Are addicted to nicotine
c. Like the way cigarettes make them look
3. Smoking cigarettes changes __________.
a. The amount of a brain chemical that allows us to experience pleasure
b. The amount of blood flows to the brain
c. The number of things we worry about
4. After smoking cigarettes for a while, the smoker __________.
a. Needs less nicotine to get the same feeling from smoking
b. Needs more nicotine to get the same feeling from smoking
c. Doesn't notice any change in how much nicotine they need
5. Cigarette smoke contains __________ chemicals.
a. 4000
b. 1000
c. 400
6. Cigarette smokers are addicted to __________.
a. Tar
b. Carbon monoxide
c. Nicotine
7. After a puff on a cigarette, nicotine is in the brain in __________ seconds.
a. 8
b. 18
c. 80
8. In the brain, nicotine locks into receptors on neurons making the smoker feel __________
a. Irritable
b. Sleepy
c. Alert and satisfied
9. After a while, the brain shuts down some receptors so a smoker needs a
cigarette __________.
a. To stop craving
b. Just to feel normal
c. Both a and b
