- Young Marines Training.com -
To Obtain Information, with your mouse, Click 'Copy', then
'Paste' to 'Microsoft Word' for Printing 'Lesson Plans',
'Training Outlines', and any other Documents that you need.
When looking at the Below Listed Lesson Plans, they may look as if they have Wrapped Around.
If you Copy and Paste to a Word Program, it will print correctly.
My margins are set to One (1) Inch all around.
The Originals aere typed in Font Size of 10.
This Page is Awaiting Your unit's Lesson Plans, Different types of Training, Different types of Fund Raisers, or anything else that you have that might help other units to perform better!
Email me at:vernebbell@intergate.com
This site will constantly be in the process of change with your help!
2nd Texas Young Marine Battalion
1st Texas Young Marine Regiment
Radio Communication
Terminal Learning Objective:
1. Be able to describe and use the proper procedure for operating a radio on an "Open Net"
and a "Directed Net".
2. Be able to send, receive, and copy a radio-telephone transmittion over a radio net using the
phonetic alphabet.
Enabling Learning Objectives:
1. Without the use of notes, be able to recite the present phonetic alphabet.
2. Without the use of notes, be able to recite the numbers 1 - 10 using the proper numerical
pronunciation.
3. Without the use of notes, be able to act as "Net Control Station" and direct the operations
of a "Directed Net".
OUTLINE
General Knowledge:
One of the three ways of earning the "COMMUNICATIONS RIBBON" is to attend a basic radio-telephone class that includes receiving, copying and sending radio-telephone transmittions over unsecured line or radio net using the phonetic alphabet and proper radio methods used by the U.S. Marines.
1. Background: There are several types of communication available, radio, telephone,
microwave, satellite, signal flags, semaphore, flashing light, and other means. We will be
talking only about radio communication procedures which can be used over Land Lines
(telephone).
2. Frequency Spectrum: There are several wave lengths used in normal radio
communications.
a. The normal frequencies used by radio communications are HF, VHF, UHF.
b. Frequency spectrum is as follows and are expressed in Hertz:
1) VLF, Very Low Frequency: 3 to 30 KHz (Kilohertz)
2) LF, Low Frequency: 30 to 300 KHz Moderate distance surface waves
3) MF, Medium Frequency: 300 to 3000 KHz Moderate distance over land, Long
distance over water
4) HF, High Frequency: 3 to 30 MHz (Megahertz) Short distance surface and
direct waves
5) VHF, Very High Frequency: 30 to 300 MHz Line of sight or direct waves
6) UHF, Ultra High Frequency: 300 to 3000 MHz
7) SHF, Super High Frequency: 3 to 30 GHz (Gigahertz)
8) EHF, Extremely High Frequency: 30 to 300 GHz
c. There are three types of radiation paths given off by a transmitting antenna: 1) Ground Waves. 2) Sky Waves. 3) Line of Sight. d. With enough transmitter power, HF radios can transmit around the world. VHF and UHF are considered line of site transmitters. 3. Transmittion Wave Modulation: There are two types of transmittion wave modulation, AM or Amplitude Modulation and FM or Frequency Modulation. a. In AM radios, the height of the wave or amplitude is changed, by increasing and decreasing the height or power of the wave. b. In FM radios, the frequency of the wave is changed by increasing and decreasing the number of waves. c. The first radio transmittions were by interrupting the power to the wave. The wave itself is continuous, thus the name, CW or Continuous Wave. The interruption of the wave was done in long and short bursts. These interruptions were called Morse Code after the inventor of the code. The long bursts were to be three times as long as the short bursts. The long bursts were called Dashes and the short bursts were called Dots. So, dot, dot, dot, dash, dash, dash, dot, dot, dot, would be read or deciphered as SOS. Now days, this type of communication is basically a lost art in the military, though there are radio operators still trained in Morse Code. d. The second type of transmittions was Voice Communication. This is the type of communication we will be learning today. This type of communication is still in use 4. Voice Communication: You will be using the modern English phonetic alphabet. The Marine Corps changed from the older to the present around 1959. a. English Phonetic Alphabet: Vietnam Era to Present Alphabet WWII & Korean War Alphabet A Alpha Able B Bravo Baker C Charlie Charlie D Delta Dog E Echo Easy F Foxtrot Fox G Golf George H Hotel How I India Item J Juliett Jig K Kilo King L Lima Love M Mike Mike N November Nan O Oscar Oboe P Papa Peter Q Quebec Queen R Romeo Roger S Sierra Sugar T Tango Tare U Uniform Uncle V Victor Victor W Whiskey William X X-ray X-ray Y Yankee Yoke Z Zulu Zebra (The WWII and Korea alphabet are for your information only as they use these in many older war movies) b. When transmitting a message and you have important words that may be misinterpreted, you must spell the work phonetically (Hello, I spell Hotel-Echo-Lima-Lima-Oscar). c. When copying incoming messages, you will always print using block printing. You never write a message. Writing can be misinterpreted too easily due to sloppy writing, especially in moving vehicles. d. With the present Phonetic Alphabet you will also use the following Numeral Pronunciation: 1 - Wun 70 - Seven Zero 2 - Too 84 - Ate Fo-wer 3 - Thuh-ree 131 - Wun-thuh-ree Wun 4 - Fo-wer 500 - Fi-yiv Hun-dred 5 - Fi-yiv 1,468 - Wun Fo-wer Six Ate 6 - Six 1,000 - Seven Thou-sand 7 - Seven 16,000 - Wun Six Thou-sand 8 - Ate 9 - Niner 0 - Zero e. Radios are widely used at all levels in the Marine Corps. Radio Communications are flexible and can be moved anywhere needed. In the military, communications can be monitored so radio transmittions must be brief .
today.
7. Net Control Station and Directed or Open Nets:
a. If you have more than four stations on your frequency or channel and there is a lot of
transmittions going to be made, you may need to have a Net Control Station and the net
will be called a "Directed Net". The Net Control Station is usually the senior station on
the net.
b. If there is not anticipated to be a lot of traffic, then the Net Control Station will advise all
stations that it will be an "Open Net" and you can communicate directly with any station
as required.
c. Upon opening a radio net, the Net Control Station will start with the following procedure:
1) "All stations this frequency, this is (Call Sign for Net Control Station). This will be a
Directed Net. Check in, in Alphabetical, Numerical Order, giving the number of
messages and their Precedence. Over."
2) "This is Big Switch with one Routine, Over."
3) Each station will continue to check in, in alphabetica, numerical order.
4) After all stations have checked in, Net Control Station will say: "All stations this net,
this is (Call Sign for Net Control Station), Roger. Big Switch, you may transmit your Routine, Out."
5) "(Call Sign for Station 2) Java Grinder , (Call Sign for Station 2) Java Grinder,
this is (Call Sign for Station 1) Big Switch, I have one (Precedence of message) Routine message
for your station, Over."
6) "(Call Sign for Station 1) Big Switch, this is (Call Sign for Station 2) Java Grinder, send your
message, Over."
7) You will now send your message.
8) Upon completing your message and it has been received correctly, your last
transmittion is ended with the word "Out". "(Call Sign for Station 1) Big Switch, this is (Call
Sign for Station 2) Java Grinder, Roger your (Precedence of message) Romeo, Out.
d. With a Net Control Station operating a "Directed Net", any station wanting to talk to
another station after the opening procedures, must contact the Net Control Station and
request permission to talk to other station. Net control will then give permission and you
may contact the station that you want to talk to.
1) "(Call Sign for Net Control Station), (Call Sign for Net Control Station), this is
(Call Sign for Station 1). I have one (Precedence of message) message for (Call Sign for
Station 2), Over."
2) "(Call Sign for Station 1), This is (Call Sign for Net Control Station), send your
message to (Call Sign for Station 2), Out."
3) "(Call Sign for Station 2), (Call Sign for Station 2), this is (Call Sign for Station 1), I
have one (Precedence of message) message for your station, Over."
4) "(Call Sign for Station 1) "(Call Sign for Station 1) this is (Call Sign for Station 2),
send your message, Over."
5) You will now send your message.
6) Upon completing your message and it has been received correctly, your last
transmittion is ended with the word "Out". "(Call Sign for Station 1) this is (Call
Sign for Station 2) Roger your (Precedence of message), Out.
e. If the radio net is going to be an "Open Net", the Net Control Station will start with the
following procedure:
1) "All stations this frequency/Net, this is (Call Sign for Net Control Station). This will
be an Open Net. Check in, in Alphabetical, Numerical Order. Over."
2) All stations will then check in with Net Control Station.
3) After all stations have checked in, Net Control Station will say: "All stations this net,
this is (Call Sign for Net Control Station), Roger, Out."
4) If any stations have messages for other stations, they may start transmitting.
f. At the end of the requirements for radio communications, you normally will close the net.
The Net Control Station will follow this procedure:
1) "All stations this Net, this is (Call Sign for Net Control Station), Close Down, Over."
2) Each station will check in, in Alphabetical Numerical order.
a) "This is Big Switch, Roger, Out."
b) "This is Certain Regime, Roger, Out.
g. At times, because of the distance between intended stations you may be requested to
retransmit a message to a distant station.
h. Radio Silence can be imposed on a net by the Net Control Station if the mission requires
an absence of transmittions on the net.
i. At times there may be interference on the frequency you are on. You will just have to try
to communicate through the interference. Do not get mad, watch your language.
Normally the interference will stop soon.
8. Speed of Service Objectives: In communications, there is a precedence to message importance. These are assigned to the messages as to the time frame that the message must be replied in or acted upon. These are: Priority Symbol Action time Requirement a. Flash Z Less than 10 minutes (Normally life threatening) b. Operational Immediate O Less than 30 minutes c. Priority P Less than 3 hours d. Routine R Less than 6 hours 9. International Time Zones: As we all know, the world is divided up into 25 Time Zones. a. The first time zone is center at Greenwich, England. This is know as the Zulu time zone. From there, going East, the time zones are: Alpha -1, Bravo -2, Charlie -3, Delta -4, Echo -5, Foxtrot -6, Gulf -7, Hotel -8, India -9, Kilo -10, Lima -11. The next time zones, Mike -12 and Yankee +12, divide the next time zone. This is known as the International Date Line. Going East, you gain a day, going West, you lose a day. Continuing East, the time zones are: X-ray +11, Whiskey +10, Victor +9, Uniform +8, Tango +7, Sierra +6, Romeo +5, Quebec +4, Papa +3, Oscar +2, and November +1. b. To change from Standard Time, the time you are in now, to Universal Time (Zulu Time), add the value of the Time Zone you are in. 1) Standard Time:1400 Central Time Zone which is Sierra Time Zone, add 6 hours. This will give you the present time of 2000 Zulu. c. To change from Universal Time (Zulu Time) to Standard Time, the time you are in now, subtract the value of the Time Zone you are in. 1) Universal Time: 2000 Zulu, subtract 6 hours for the Sierra Time Zone. This will give you the present time of 1400 Central Standard Time. 10. Time of Delivery (TOD) and Time of Receipt (TOR) When transmitting or receiving a message, it must be documented. We use the following procedure to show Time of Delivery (TOD) or Time of Receipt (TOR). a. When you have finished transmitting or sending a message (TOD), you will use the following diagram: (You will have to draw in a horizontal cross)
Call Sign of Station Called I Frequency, Channel, or Net Name
I
Your Initials Day, Time, Group (DTG)
1) Example: (You will have to draw in a horizontal cross)
Certain Regime 2nd Tx YM Bn
vbb 261402S
b. When you have finished receiving a message (TOR), you will use the
following diagram: (You will have to draw in a horizontal cross)
Call Sign of Station Sending Frequency, Channel, or Net Name
Your Initials Day, Time, Group (DTG)
1) Example: (You will have to draw in a horizontal cross)
vbb 261402S
11. Call Signs:
For military nets, all stations will be assigned a call sign. Many times these will be changed
daily for security reasons. Because of the services now having to work together, there is a
procedure used that designates, first, the service, second, the command, third, the unit.
These are all Alphabetical Numerical call signs (ie, Z8c 28 or U41 04 R). For our uses,
these will not be explained here.
For small unit operations and training, the Marine Corps still uses Name type call signs such
the following which will be used for our training.
a. Taken from Tab B {Call Signs} to Appendix 1 {Radio Plan} to Annex C
{Communication-Electronics} to Operation Plan 1-7X, Operational Communication
Chiefs Course, 1976.
1) Certain Regime 2) Washed Thorns 3) Big Switch
4) Same Thrower 5) Grave Hoops 6) Timely Shells
7) Lethal Wonder 8) Java Grinder 9) Bingo Chaser
10) Nitrate Jockey 11) Spoiled Payroll 12) Paxton Cobra
13) Mad Cap 14) Paladin 15) Cyclone Radish
16) Wash Tub 17) Dry Cleaner 18) Soap Suds
12. Practical Application:
a. You will need a minimum of two transmitter radios.
b. Split up into two member teams.
c. Teams will then be required to transmit and receive a minimum of two messages.
d. All messages will be printed, both the transmitted and received messages.
e. You will spell phonetically at least five words in each message sent.
f. Practice Messages, see Appendix One.
13. Written Test: See Appendix Two.
Conclusion
During this class you have been taught about the procedures needed to successfully transmit and receive messages by radio or telephone. You will be evaluated on this class both on a written exam and in the performance of that of a radio operator. Proficiency of radio operators will be graded on proper procedure used, and messages received and sent. All transmittions will be monitored for use of proper procedure. It is up to you to use the information taught in this class to make not only yourself better, but your unit as a whole better.
Radio Operator will speak all parts/words in parenthesis, ie, " ".
Parts in brackets are for memory jogs of what radio operator will write on line prior to transmitting message, ie ( ).
Radio Operator will spell out phonetically those letters or words underlined.
(Message One)
(Precedence of Message) "Flash"
(Assign Date, Time, Group) "_____________________________"
To: (Call Sign)_______________________________"
"From: (Call Sign)_____________________________"
"Message Follows:
Upon the successful receipt of this message, your team will shout "Gung Ho" three times. Over."
TOD (You will need to put in a horizontal cross)
______________________________________________________
I
(Message Two)
(Precedence of Message) "Routine"
(Assign Date, Time, Group) "_______________________________"
"To: (Call Sign)______________________________"
"From: (Call Sign)____________________________"
"Message Follows:
Upon the successful receipt of this message, Your team will move 100 feet North. Over."
TOD (You will have to put in a horizontal cross)
I
I
(Message Three)
(Precedence of Message) "Operational Immediate"
(Assign Date, Time, Group) "_______________________________"
"To: (Call Sign)_________________________________"
"From: (Call Sign)_______________________________"
"Message Follows:
Upon the successful receipt of this message, Your team will move 50 feet East. Over."
TOD (You will have to put in a horizontal cross)
I
_________________________________________________
(Message Four)
(Precedence of Message) "Priority"
(Assign Date, Time, Group) "_____________________________"
"To: (Call Sign)___________________________________"
"From: (Call Sign)_________________________________"
"Message Follows:
Upon the successful receipt of this message, Your team will shout "Oorah" three times. Over."
TOD (You will have to put in a horizontal cross)
I
_______________________________________________
(Message Five)
(Precedence of Message) "Flash"
(Assign Date, Time, Group) "_______________________________"
"To: (Call Sign)_________________________________"
"From: (Call Sign)_______________________________"
"Message Follows:
Upon the successful receipt of this message, Your team will shout "Semper Fi" four times. Over."
TOD (You will have to put in a horizontal cross)
I
________________________________________________
(Message Six)
(Precedence of Message) "Routine"
(Assign Date, Time, Group) "______________________________"
"To: (Call Sign)________________________________"
"From: (Call Sign)______________________________"
"Message Follows:
Upon the successful receipt of this message, Your team will move 75 feet West. Over."
TOD (You will have to put in a horizontal cross)
I
_______________________________________________
(Message Seven)
(Precedence of Message) "Immediate"
(Assign Date, Time, Group) "______________________________"
"To: (Call Sign)________________________________"
"From: (Call Sign)______________________________"
"Message Follows:
Upon the successful receipt of this message, Your team will move 25 feet South. Over."
TOD (You will have to put in a horizontal cross)
I
I
(Message Eight)
(Precedence of Message) "Priority"
(Assign Date, Time, Group) "_____________________________"
"To: (Call Sign)________________________________"
"From: (Call Sign)______________________________"
"Message Follows:
Upon the successful receipt of this message, Your team will count to 10 loudly. Over."
TOD (You will have to put in a horizontal cross)
I
________________________________________________
(Message Nine)
(Precedence of Message) "Flash"
(Assign Date, Time, Group) "_____________________________"
"To: (Call Sign)________________________________"
"From: (Call Sign)______________________________"
"Message Follows:
Upon the successful receipt of this message, Your team will count to 10 backwards loudly. Over."
TOD (You will have to put in a horizontal cross)
I
I
(Message Ten)
(Precedence of Message) "Routine"
(Assign Date, Time, Group) "____________________________"
"To: (Call Sign)_______________________________"
"From: (Call Sign)_____________________________"
"Message Follows:
Upon the successful receipt of this message, Your team will recite the alphabet loudly. Over."
TOD (You will have to put in a horizontal cross)
I
_______________________________________________
(Message Eleven)
(Precedence of Message) "Immediate"
(Assign Date, Time, Group) "_______________________________"
"To: (Call Sign)________________________________"
"From: (Call Sign)______________________________"
"Message Follows:
"A" Company needs 15 cans of diesel fuel delivered to their CP. Over."
TOD (You will have to put in a horizontal cross)
I
I
(Message Twelve)
(Precedence of Message) "Priority"
(Assign Day, Time, Group) "_____________________________"
"To: (Call Sign)__________________________________"
"From: (Call Sign)________________________________"
"Message Follows:
"G" Battery, 2nd Battalion, 11th Marines, will be moving to coordinates 26548903. Over."
TOD (You will have to put in a horizontal cross)
I
______________________________________________
(Message Thirteen)
(Precedence of Message) "Flash"
(Assign Date, Time, Group) "_____________________________"
"To: (Call Sign)________________________________"
"From: (Call Sign)______________________________"
"Message Follows:
"C" Company, 1st Battalion, 7th Marines, will be moving to coordinates 89073456. Over."
TOD (You will have to put in a horizontal cross)
I
I
(Message Fourteen)
(Precedence of Message) "Routine"
(Assign Date, Time, Group) "_________________________________"
"To: (Call Sign)___________________________________"
"From: (Call Sign)_________________________________"
"Message Follows:
"H" and "S" Company, 2nd Battalion, 3rd Marines, needs food for 254 Marines. Over."
TOD (You will have to put in a horizontal cross)
I
I
(Message Fifteen)
(Precedence of Message) "Operational Immediate"
(Assign Date, Time, Group) "_______________________________"
"To: (Call Sign)___________________________________"
"From: (Call Sign)_________________________________"
"Message Follows:
Weapons Platoon, "H" and "S" Company, 2nd Battalion, 1st Marines needs 7 "M"-252 vehicles tomorrow morning. Over."
TOD (You will have to put in a horizontal cross)
I
I
(Message Sixteen)
(Precedence of Message) "Priority"
(Assign Date, Time, Group) "________________________________"
"To: (Call Sign)____________________________________"
"From: (Call Sign)__________________________________"
"Message Follows:
Communications Platoon, "H" and "S" Company, 2nd Battalion, 1st Marines needs 2 cases of "BA" - 242 batteries "ASAP". Over."
TOD (You will have to put in a horizontal cross)
I
_________________________________________________
I
(Message Seventeen)
(Precedence of Message) "Flash"
(Assign Date, Time, Group) "________________________________"
"To: (Call Sign)__________________________________"
"From: (Call Sign)________________________________"
"Message Follows:
Confirm the following as your coordinates. 45120987. Acknowledge. Over."
TOD (You will have to put in a horizontal cross)
I
______________________________________________
(Message Eighteen)
(Precedence of Message) "Routine"
(Assign Date, Time, Group) "________________________________"
"To: (Call Sign)___________________________________"
"From: (Call Sign)_________________________________"
"Message Follows:
Send your Artillery Forward Observer Team to "C" Company, 1st Battalion, 7th Marines at coordinates 12439856. Over."
TOD (You will have to put in a horizontal cross)
I
_________________________________________________
(Message Nineteen)
(Precedence of Message) "Operational Immediate"
(Assign Date, Time, Group) "________________________________"
"To: (Call Sign)__________________________________"
"From: (Call Sign)________________________________"
"Message Follows:
"D" Company, 3rd Battalion, 9th Marines, needs 6 X 6 trucks to meet them at coordinates 70394856. Over"
TOD (You will have to put in a horizontal cross)
I
_______________________________________________
(Message Twenty)
(Precedence of Message) "Operational Priority"
(Assign Date, Time, Group) "_________________________________"
"To: (Call Sign)_____________________________________"
"From: (Call Sign)___________________________________"
"Message Follows:
You will be having a fly by with 8 "AV"-8 Harriers at 1300 tomorrow. Over."
TOD (You will have to put in a horizontal cross)
I
_________________________________________________
I
Appendix Two, Communications Test
Radio Communications Test
Name: ______________________________ Date: ______ Score: ___
1. What Radio Spectrum is your FM Radios in?
a. LF b. HF
c. VHF d. UHF
2. Name one of the three types of radiation paths given off by a transmitting antenna.
a. ___________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________
3. Write out the present phonetic alphabet for the following letters:
a. "B" ___________________ b. "E" __________________
c. "I" ____________________ d. "N" _________________
e. "Q" ___________________ f. "X" __________________
4. Write out the following Numeral Pronunciation:
a. "1" ____________________ b. "5" _________________
5. Write out how you (as Dirty Dog) would communicate to Burning Bridges, the first time, on
an open net with one Priority message.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
6. Give one of the four precedence Speed of Service categories and the give the time frame for delivering the message.
a. _____________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________
d. _____________________________________________
Lesson Plan Development
The Outline
A guide that enables you to present logically organized intruction, identify the purpose of the class and your objectives. There are as many as six parts to a lesson plan:
Introduction
a. Capture the student's attention.
b. Statement about yourself to establish credibility.
c. Needs statement: show a problem exists; set up student's need to learn.
d. Thesis statement: tell the objectives and content of the lesson.
e. Preview of main points: briefly state the topical areas the lesson will
cover.
f. Tie in other instruction.
Body
a. Contains all the main points and sub-points.
b. All the information you plan to teach.
c. Includes illustrations and examples.
d. Shows how you will convey your information.
e. Questions to ask the students.
f. Questions to start discussions.
g. When to use teaching aids.
h. Notes to yourself.
i. Show when the information meets your lesson objectives.
j. Sequence objectives logically.
k. Supply sufficient supporting materials.
l. Include practical exercises.
Summary
a. Restates your objectives and content.
b. Reviews major topical areas covered.
c. Can include motivating statement on lesson's value.
d. Contains only information already covered.
e. Allows time for questions.
f. Should be brief and to the point.
g. Regain student attention.
h. Summarize key learning elements.
i. Check for understanding.
j. Include effective closing statements.
Practice or exam
a. Guided practice.
b. Independant practice.
c. Multiple choice, essay, quiz.
Bibliography
a. List all the sources you used in developing the information portion of the
lesson plan.
Attachments
a. Copies of overhead transparencies.
b. Originals of each handout.
Is your lesson Complete?
After developing your lesson plan, ask yourself the following questions to ensure it is complete. You should be able to answer yes to each of the following:
1. Does the lesson deal with the major topic only?
2. Can the class master the material in the time allotted?
3. Are the facts meaningful to the students?
4. Is the goal of the lesson clearly stated?
5. Does the lesson include at least two new ideas?
6. Do you capture their interest immediatly?
7. Are your objectives at the correct level of difficulty?
8. Can the student see where this lesson may lead?
9. Is this teaching method the best one for this topic and this class?
10. Are plans made for the use of effective teaching aids?
11. Have you planned for ample class participation?
12. Does the lesson tie-in with practical problems?
13. Have you planned time to evaluate performance?
